Upper esophageal sphincter abnormalities on high-resolution esophageal manometry and treatment response of type II achalasia

Table 1 Demographic characteristics and symptom profiles of subjects based on upper esophageal sphincter parameters

		UES abnormal	UES normal	P value
		(n = 246) [n (%)]	(n = 252) [n (%)]
Gender	Male	120 (48.78)	121 (48.02)	0.864
	Female	126 (51.22)	131 (51.98)
Age (yr; mean ± SD)		48.05 ± 13.28	43.71 ± 12.18	0.002b
Dysphagia		12 (4.88)	18 (7.14)	0.314
Heartburn		83 (33.74)	95 (37.70)	0.301
Abdominal pain		62 (25.20)	62 (24.60)	0.826
Chest pain		40 (16.26)	65 (25.79)	0.040a
Sour regurgitation		138 (56.10)	147 (58.33)	0.357
Ructus		119 (48.37)	131 (51.98)	0.237
Cough		23 (9.35)	14 (5.56)	0.051
Hiccup		18 (7.32)	25 (9.92)	0.460
Globus hystericus		88 (35.77)	99 (39.29)	0.360
Others		106 (43.09)	108 (42.86)	0.590

Level significance is indicated as follows:

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

UES: Upper esophageal sphincter.