No significant association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and adverse outcomes of COVID-19

Table 4 Incidences and adjusted odds ratios of glycemic control efficacy and side effects in dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors group compared to non-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors group [n = 444, n (%)]

Parameter	DPP4i (n = 111)	Non-DPP4i (n = 333)	Adjusted5 OR (95%CI)	P value6
FBG < 7 mmol/L	47 (42.3)	150 (45.0)	0.91 (0.59,1.4)	0.67
GLU < 11.1 mmol/L	29 (26.1)	102 (30.6)	0.78 (0.48,1.27)	0.31
Hyperglycemia requiring treatment1	16 (14.4)	69 (20.7)	0.65 (0.36,1.17)	0.15
Hypoglycemia2	1 (0.9)	1 (0.3)	2.96 (0.18,47.95)	0.44
Metabolic acidosis	3 (2.7)	8 (2.4)	1.21 (0.31,4.66)	0.79
Lactic acidosis	1 (0.9)	5 (1.5)	0.62 (0.07,5.42)	0.67
Elevation of lactic acid3	12 (10.8)	29 (8.7)	1.33 (0.65,2.72)	0.44
Probability to discontinue current regimen4	16 (14.4)	75 (22.5)	0.58 (0.32,1.04)	0.07

¹Hyperglycemia requiring treatment was defined as the proportion of patients with elevated blood glucose and temporarily treated with insulin.

²Hypoglycemia was defined when fasting blood glucose < 3 mmol/L.

³The elevation of lactic acid was identified as > 2.2 mmol/L.

⁴Probability to discontinue current regimen was defined as proportion of patients who added insulin treatment on the basis of existing hypoglycemic regimens.

⁵Logistic regression model adjusted the incidence of increased C-reactive protein between DPP4i versus non-DPP4i groups.

⁶P values were calculated based on logistic regression model.

Data are n (%). Measures of associations are adjusted odds ratios. DPP4i: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; GLU: Random blood glucose; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.