No significant association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and adverse outcomes of COVID-19

Table 2 Associations of in-hospital use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors with coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes in propensity score matched analysis followed by logistic regression and mixed-effect Cox model analyses [n = 444, n (%)]

	Logistic regression model				Mixed-effect Cox model
Parameter	DPP4i (n = 111)	Non-DPP4i (n = 333)	Adjusted1 OR (95%CI)	P value3	Adjusted2 HR (95%CI)	P value3
Primarily outcome
All-cause mortality	2 (1.8)	11 (3.3)	0.58 (0.12,2.68)	0.48	0.44 (0.09,2.11)	0.31
Secondary outcome
Septic shock	1 (0.9)	4 (1.2)	0.78 (0.09,7.05)	0.82	0.66 (0.07,6.13)	0.71
Acute respiratory distress syndrome	17 (15.3)	51 (15.3)	1.06 (0.58,1.95)	0.85	1.02 (0.59,1.77)	0.95
Acute kidney injury	1 (0.9)	3 (0.9)	1.03 (0.11,10.03)	0.98	1.04 (0.11,10.07)	0.97
Acute liver injury	10 (9.0)	20 (6.0)	1.6 (0.72,3.54)	0.25	1.62 (0.74,3.53)	0.23
Acute cardiac injury	11 (9.9)	24 (7.2)	1.53 (0.71,3.28)	0.28	1.35 (0.65,2.79)	0.42
Any	30 (27)	84 (25.2)	1.17 (0.71,1.94)	0.54	1.06 (0.69,1.62)	0.79

¹Logistic regression model adjusted the incidence of increased C-reactive protein between DPP4i and non-DPP4i groups.

²Cox proportional hazard model using the hospital site as a random effect and adjusting the incidence of increased C-reactive protein.

³P values were calculated based on logistic regression model and mixed-effect Cox model, respectively.

Data are n (%). Measures of associations are adjusted odds ratios and hazard ratios. DPP4i: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors; OR: Odds ratio; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.