Essential phospholipids for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Table 1 Features of the studies included in this analysis

Ref.	Design	Patient type	Treatments	N	M/F	Age, yr, range (mean)	BMI, kg/m2	Duration
Yin et al[23], 2000	Randomized, OL	NAFLD + diabetes	PPC + ADs vs ADs	125	73/52	42–78 (59)	N/A	84 d
Poongothai et al[25], 2005	Prospective, OL	NAFLD + type 2 diabetes	PPC + ADs	22	11/11	(41)	28.2	6 mo
Arvind et al[26], 2006	Prospective, non-randomized, DB	NAFLD + diabetes or obesity	PPC vs ursodeoxycholic acid	40	NA	NA	NA	3 mo
Sun et al[21], 2008	Prospective, randomized, OL	NAFLD + type 2 diabetes	PPC + metformin vs metformin	74	40/34	28–60 (42)	NA	12 wk
Wu et al[22], 2009	Prospective, randomized, OL	NAFLD + type 2 diabetes	PPC + usual care vs usual care	100	64/36	(55)	NA	1 mo
Li et al[18], 2013	Prospective, randomized, OL	NAFLD + diabetes	PPC + metformin vs metformin	86	57/29	(51)	NA	6 wk
Sas et al[19], 2013	Prospective, randomized, OL	NASH + type 2 diabetes	PPC + metformin vs metformin	189	NA	NA	NA	6 mo
Dajani et al[24], 2015	Prospective, OL	NAFLD ± type 2 diabetes or hyperlipidemia	Essential phospholipid	324	176/148	21–69 (43.5)	29.3	72 wk
Shan et al[20], 2015	Prospective, randomized, OL	NASH + obesity	PPC vs Chinese medicine (Quzhi hepatoprotection recipe)	60	38/22	18-55 (41.3)	NA	8 wk
Li et al[17], 2017	Prospective, randomized, OL	NAFLD + diabetes	PPC + Chinese medicine (Shugan Huazhuo recipe) vs PPC	80	44/36	29-63 (48)	NA	3 mo

In Arvind et al 2006[26], half the patients in each group had T2D and half were obese. In Dajani et al[24], three patient groups were included: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease only, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with hyperlipidemia. AD: Antidiabetic drugs; DB: Double-blind; NA: Not available; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; OL: Open-label; PPC: Polyene phosphatidylcholine.