Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of fifty-six cases of COVID-19 in Liaoning Province, China

Table 2 Radiographic and laboratory findings of 56 patients of coronavirus disease 2019

Radiographic and laboratory findings		Disease severity			Composite endpoint
	All patients, n = 56	Non-severe, n = 45	Severe, n = 11	P value	Yes, n = 5	No, n = 51	P value
Radiographic findings
Abnormalities on chest CT, n/total n (%)	51/56 (91.1)	40/45 (88.9)	11/11 (100.0)	0.571	5/5 (100.0)	46/51 (90.2)	0.504
Ground-glass opacity	48/56 (85.7)	37/45 (82.2)	11/11 (100.0)	0.333	5/5 (100.0)	43/51 (84.3)	1.00
Patchy shadowing	44/56 (78.6)	33/45 (73.3)	11/11 (100.0)	0.097	5/5 (100.0)	39/51 (76.5)	0.574
Bilateral ground-glass opacity/bilateral patchy shadowing	38/56 (67.8)	27/45 (60.0)	11/11 (100.0)	0.011	5/5 (100.0)	33/51 (64.7)	0.014
Laboratory findings– n/total, n (%)
Blood leukocyte count	5.76 (1.8-16.7)	5.14 (1.8-13.1)	7.62 (2.96-16.7)	0.057	9.42 (3.9-16.7)	5.01 (1.8-13.1)	< 0.001
> 9.5 × 109/L	10/56 (17.8)	6/45 (13.3)	4/11 (36.4)	0.093	2/5 (40.0)	8/51 (15.7)	0.214
< 3.5 × 109/L	14/56 (25.0)	10/45 (22.2%)	4/11 (36.4)	0.439	1/5 (20.0)	13/51 (25.5)	1.000
Neutrophil count	4.2 (1.34-16.08)	3.49 (0.5-11.94)	6.34 (1.77-16.08)	0.036	8.02 (2.4-16.08)	3.37 (0.5-11.94)	< 0.001
< 1.8 × 109/L	12/56 (21.4)	9/45 (20.0)	3/11 (27.3)	0.686	1/5 (20.0)	11/51 (21.5)	1.000
Lymphocyte count	1.09 (0.2-2.1)	1.2 (0.2-2.1)	0.78 (0.2-1.0)	0.008	0.66 (0.2-1.0)	1.2 (0.2-2.1)	< 0.001
< 1.1 × 109/L	44/56 (78.6)	34/45 (75.5)	10/11 (90.9)	0.424	5/5 (100.0)	29/51 (56.8)	0.054
Platelet count	221.4 (40-384)	214.7 (40-382)	241.4 (124-384)	1.000	247.8 (181-384)	215.6 (40-382)	1.000
< 125 × 109/L	8/56 (14.3)	6/45 (13.3)	2/11 (18.2)	0.649	0/5 (0.0)	8/51 (15.7)	1.000
Hemoglobin level, g/dL	144.1 (108-174)	144.6 (108-174)	142.7 (130-162)	0.889	141.2 (130-162)	144.8 (108-174)	0.875
C-reactive protein level	31.9 (0.17-128.32)	25.6 (0.17-128.32)	50.9 (5.43-108.28)	0.047	51.7 (5.43-108.28)	27.7 (0.17-128.32)	0.046
≥ 8 mg/L, n/total, n (%)	32/56 (57.1)	23/45 (51.1)	9/11 (81.8)	0.093	4/5 (80.0)	28/51 (54.9)	0.379
Lactose dehydrogenase	563.1 (385-882)	517.2 (385-882)	700.7 (581-820)	0.048	720 (628-820)	529 (385-882)	0.047
≥ 618 U/L, n/total, n (%)	18/56 (32.1)	8/45 (17.8)	10/11 (90.9)	0.000	5/5 (100.0)	13/51 (25.5)	0.002
Procalcitonin level	0.05 (0.04-0.13)	0.05 (0.04-0.11)	0.06 (0.04-0.13)	1.000	0.06 (0.04-0.1)	0.05 (0.04-0.13)	1.000
ALT > 40 U/L, n/total n (%)	13/56 (23.2)	5/45 (11.1)	8/11 (72.7)	< 0.001	5/5 (100.0)	8/51 (15.7)	< 0.001
AST > 40 U/L, n /total, n (%)	16/56 (28.6)	8/45 (17.8)	8/11 (72.7)	0.001	3/5 (60.0)	8/51 (15.7)	0.047
Albumin < 35 g/L, n /total, n (%)	28/56 (50.0)	18/45 (40.0)	10/11 (90.9)	0.005	5/5 (100.0)	23/51 (45.1)	0.051
Creatinine kinase > 22 mmol/L, n/total, n (%)	18/56 (32.1)	13/45 (28.9)	5/11 (54.4)	0.305	3/5 (60.0)	15/51 (29.4)	0.314
Creatinine kinase ≥ 170 U/L, n/total, n (%)	8/56 (14.3)	4/45 (8.9)	4/11 (36.3)	0.057	2/5 (40.0)	6/51 (11.8)	0.144
Blood urea nitrogen ≥ 6.1 mmol/L, n/total, n (%)	3/56 (5.3)	1/45 (2.2)	2/11 (18.2)	0.095	1/5 (20.0)	2/51 (3.9)	0.249
Creatinine ≥ 110 mmol/L, n/total, n (%)	2/56 (3.6)	1/45 (2.2)	1/11 (9.1)	0.357	1/5 (20.0)	1/51 (2.0)	0.172
D-dimer ≥ 0.55 mg/L, n/total, n (%)	12/56 (21.4)	20/45 (44.4)	7/11 (63.6)	0.322	3/5 (60.0)	25/51 (49.0)	1.000
Co-infection
Other viruses	0/56 (0.0)	0/45 (0.0)	0/11 (0.0)	-	0/5 (0.0)	0/51 (0.0)	-
Bacterial	1/56 (1.8)	0/45 (0.0)	1/11 (9.1)	0.196	0/5 (0.0)	1/51 (2.0)	1.000
Fungus	0/56 (0.0)	0/45 (0.0)	0/11 (0.0)	-	0/5 (0.0)	0/51 (0.0)	-
Mycoplasma pneumoniae	2/56 (3.6)	2/45 (4.4)	0/11 (0.0)	1.000	0/5 (0.0)	2/51 (3.9)	1.000

Lymphopenia was defined as a lymphocyte count of less than 1.1 × 10⁹/L, and thrombocytopenia was defined as a lymphocyte count of less than 125 × 10⁹/L. The P values denoted the comparison between non-severe cases and severe cases. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CT: Computed tomography.