Correlation between crowdedness in emergency departments and anxiety in Chinese patients

Table 6 Factors influencing state and trait anxiety of inpatients and outpatients in emergency departments analyzed by multivariable regression method

Variable	State anxiety			Trait anxiety
	Estimate value	SD	P value	Estimate value	SD	P value
Inpatients
Trait anxiety	0.403	0.066	< 0.001
State anxiety				0.401	0.073	< 0.001
Time of onset and admission	-0.040	0.013	0.003
Waiting time after admission	0.098	0.025	0.0001
Number of patients during that day	0.011	0.003	0.001	-0.011	0.003	0.001
Hospitalization time	0.005	0.002	0.003
Gastrointestinal bleeding
No	4.305	1.509	0.004
Yes (ref.)
Hospitalization cost
≤ 1000	-2.316	1.405	0.099
1001-3000	-1.643	1.210	0.175
3001-20000	-1.824	0.895	0.042
≥ 20000 (ref.)
Illness severity grade
0				8.995	3.493	0.010
1				8.548	3.490	0.014
2				8.749	3.584	0.015
3 (ref.)
Outpatients
Trait anxiety	0.307	0.054	< 0.001
State anxiety				0.558	0.052	< 0.001
Number of nurses	-0.004	0.001	0.007
Waiting time after entering the ED				-0.045	0.010	< 0.001
Coronary heart disease
No	-0.640	0.254	0.012
Yes (ref.)

ED: Emergency department; SD: Standard deviation.