Recovery from prolonged disorders of consciousness: A dual-center prospective cohort study in China

Table 2 Characteristics of patients with or without improved responsiveness

Characteristic	Outcome		P value
	Unawareness (n = 52)	Awareness (n = 41)
Age, yr, mean ± SD	49.4 ± 16.2	50.3 ± 17.8	0.797
Maximum	79	85
Minimum	7	13
Sex, male, n (%)	33 (63.5)	36 (87.8)	0.008
Days post injury, median (Q25, Q75)	65.5 (38.5, 136.5)	40.0 (30.0, 87.0)	0.006
Maximum	496	634
Minimum	29	28
Etiology, n (%)
Traumatic	23 (44.2)	12 (29.3)	0.007
Vascular	20 (38.5)	28 (68.3)
Anoxic	9 (17.3)	1 (2.4)
GCS score at admission, median (Q25, Q75)	6 (4, 8)	9 (7.5, 10)	< 0.001
CRS-R score at admission, median (Q25, Q75)	2.5 (1, 5)	9 (6, 12)	< 0.001
CRS-R score change at 1 mo, median (Q25, Q75)	5 (3, 7)	14 (10, 19)	< 0.001
CRS-R score change at 3 mo, median (Q25, Q75)	6 (4, 8)	20 (17, 22)	< 0.001
Diagnosis, n (%)
VS/UWS	47 (90.4)	15 (36.6)	< 0.001
MCS-	5 (9.6)	17 (41.5)
MCS+	0	9 (22.0)
GOS outcome, n (%)
Death (1)	6 (11.5)	1 (2.4)	< 0.001
VS/UWS (2)	35 (67.3)	0
Severe disability (3)	11 (21.2)	13 (31.7)
Moderate disability (4)	0	16 (39.0)
Good (5)	0	11 (26.8)

VS/UWS: Vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome; MCS: Minimally conscious state; EMCS: Emergence from minimally conscious state; LIS: Locked-in syndrome; SD: Standard deviation; CRS-R: Coma recovery scale-revised; GCS: Glasgow coma scale; GOS: Glasgow outcome scale.