Recovery from prolonged disorders of consciousness: A dual-center prospective cohort study in China

Table 1 Characteristics of the patients

Characteristic	All (n = 93)	Group		P value
		VS/UWS (n = 62)	MCS (n = 31)
Age, yr, mean ± SD	49.8 ± 16.9	49.7 ± 16.4	50.1 ± 18.0	0.897
Maximum	85	80	85
Minimum	7	7	9
Sex, male, n (%)	69 (74.2)	42 (67.7)	27 (87.1)	0.044
Post injury days, median (Q25, Q75)	60 (35, 98)	59 (37, 95.5)	61 (32, 126)	0.446
Maximum	634	496	634
Minimum	28	28	28
Etiology, n (%)
Traumatic	35 (37.6)	25 (40.3)	10 (32.3)	0.368
Vascular	48 (51.6)	29 (46.8)	19 (61.3)
Anoxic	10 (10.8)	8 (2.9)	2 (6.5)
GCS score at admission, median (Q25, Q75)	8 (5.5, 9)	6 (4, 8)	10 (9, 11)	< 0.001
CRS-R score at admission, median (Q25, Q75)	5 (2, 9)	3 (1, 5)	10.5 (9, 13)	< 0.001
Outcome, n (%)
VS/UWS	35 (37.6)	35 (56.5)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
MCS-	10 (10.8)	6 (9.7)	4 (12.9)
MCS+	1 (1.1)	1 (1.6)	0 (0.0)
EMCS	4 (4.3)	2 (3.2)	2 (6.5)
CS	29 (31.2)	11 (17.7)	18 (58.1)
LIS	7 (7.5)	1 (1.6)	6 (19.4)
Death	7 (7.5)	6 (9.7)	1 (3.2)
GOS outcome, n (%)
Death (1)	7 (7.5)	6 (9.7)	1 (3.2)	< 0.001
VS/UWS (2)	35 (37.6)	35 (56.5)	0 (0.0)
Severe disability (3)	24 (25.8)	11 (17.7)	13 (41.9)
Moderate disability (4)	16 (17.2)	5 (8.1)	11 (35.5)
Good (5)	11 (11.8)	5 (8.1)	6 (19.4)

VS/UWS: Vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome; MCS: Minimally conscious state; EMCS: Emergence from minimally conscious state; LIS: Locked-in syndrome; CS: Conscious state; SD: Standard deviation; CRS-R: Coma recovery scale-revised; GCS: Glasgow coma scale; GOS: Glasgow outcome scale.