Utilising digital health to improve medication-related quality of care for hypertensive patients: An integrative literature review

Table 1 Summary of included articles

Ref.	Country/Study size	Project title	Study design	Age (mean ± SD)	Male (%)	SBP (mean ± SD, mm Hg)
Ajay et al[23], 2016	India, n = 6061	mPower Heart	Mixed methods	NR	NR	146.1
Bloss et al[39], 2016	United States, n = 160	NR	Pre-post	56 ± 9.0	50.0	138.9
Bosworth et al[27], 2011	United States, n = 591	HINTS	RCT	64 ± 10.0	92.0	129.0 ± 19.6
Crowley et al[42], 2016	United States, n = 591	HINTS	RCT	64 ± 10.0	92.0	129.0 ± 19.6
Crowley et al[31], 2011	United States, n = 591	HINTS	RCT	64 ± 10.0	92.0	129.0 ± 19.6
Frias et al[43], 2017	United States, n = 118	DMO	Cluster RCT	59	50.5	149.3 ± 1.5
Guthrie et al[25], 2019	United States, n = 172	DTxs	Cohort	55	13.9	138.9
Jung et al[24], 2017	South Korea, n = 64	eHSM	Quasi-experimental	81 ± 8.6	22.6	133.9 ± 15.1
Jackson et al[44], 2012	United States, n = 591	HINTS	RCT	64 ± 10.0	92.0	129.0 ± 19.6
Kim et al[45], 2016	United States, n = 160	NR	Pre-Post	56 ± 9.0	50.0	138.9
Lewinski et al[46], 2019	United States, n = 18	mHealth	Pre-post	57	38.1	139.5 ± 19.8
Litke et al[28], 2018	United States, n = 122	CPS	Retrospective	NR	NR	159.0
Liu et al[40], 2018	Canada, n = 128	NR	RCT	57 ± 0.8	52.3	140.0 ± 1.1
Maciejewski et al[47], 2014	United States, n = 591	HINTS	RCT	64 ± 10.0	92.0	129.0 ± 19.6
McGillicuddy et al[22], 2015	United States, n = 18	SMASK	RCT	42 ± 12.0	55.6	139.1 ± 4.4
Milani et al[48], 2016	United States, n = 556	Ochsner	Pre-post	68 ± 10.0	46.0	147.0 ± 5
Moorhead et al[49], 2017	United States, n = 57	DMO	RCT	59	50.5	149.3 ± 1.5
Noble et al[29], 2016	United Kingdom, n = 39	DHFS	Pre-post	61	NR	154.3 ± 18.9
Nolan et al[50], 2018	Canada, n = 264	REACH	RCT	58	42.0	141.5
Nordyke et al[26], 2019	United States, n = 172	DTxs	Cohort	55	13.9	138.9
Patel et al[51], 2013	United States, n = 50	Pill Phone	RCT	53 ± 8.7	31.0	144.0
Rehman et al[52], 2019	Pakistan, n = 120	NR	RCT	NR	NR	149.3 ± 5.6
Saleh et al[53], 2018	Lebanon, n = 3481	NR	Cross-sectional	NR	38.6	≥ 140.0
Saleh et al[32], 2018	Lebanon, n = 2359	eSahha	RCT	NR	43.7	133.7 ± 16.1
Saleh et al[54], 2018	Lebanon, n = 2359	eSahha	RCT	NR	43.7	133.7 ± 16.1
Prabhakaran et al[41], 2019	India, n = 3695	mWellcare	Cluster RCT	55 ± 11.0	55.2	152.5 ± 14.7
Tobe et al[30], 2019	Canada, n = 243	DREAM‐GLOBAL	RCT	49 ± 12.8	50.7	143.0 ± 12.0
Williams et al[55], 2012	Australia, n = 80	MESMI	RCT	68.0 ± 8.3	56.4	> 140.0, < 160.0

SBP: Systolic blood pressure; NR: Not report; HINTS: Hypertension Intervention Nurse Telemedicine Study; RCT: Randomised Controlled Trial; CPS: Clinical pharmacy specialists; DMO: Digital medicine offering; eHSM: eHealth self-management; SMASK: Smartphone Medication Adherence Saves Kidneys; DHFS: Digital health feedback system; DTxs: Digital therapeutics; MESMI: Medication Self-Management Intervention.