Cytokines predict virological response in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2a therapy

Table 2 Serum levels of 46 cytokines in the phases of peginterferon therapy in the virological responders and non-virological responders group

Cytokine (pg/mL)	Virological responders (n = 15)			Virological non-responders (n = 11)
	Baseline (n = 15)	T24 (n = 15)	P value	Baseline (n = 11)	T24 (n = 11)	P value	P1 value	P2 value
6Ckine	144 (41.26-277)	41.26 (19.74-239)	0.826	100 (7.25-185.)	129 (12.92-277)	0.11	0.563	0.696
BCA-1	33.2 (24.4-53.03)	34.75 (26.4-50.39)	0.394	33.97 (13.38-46.63)	47.73 (33.89-94.67)	0.01	0.384	0.264
CTACK	463 (396-541)	575 (465-729)	0.268	387 (235-479)	430 (301-587)	0.026	0.109	0.164
ENA-78	219 (166-232)	159 (81.01-217)	0.065	232 (162-260)	123 (94.48-196)	0.023	0.363	0.474
Eotoxin-2	221 (202-482)	118 (60.96-226)	0.018	302 (74.73-441)	99.53 (68.48-203)	0.091	0.574	0.721
Eotoxin-3	177 (106-236)	136 (77.37-256)	0.551	225 (69.83-247)	112 (74.37-255)	0.477	0.929	0.809
CCL1	1.82 (1.62-3.12)	1.56 (1.01-2.22)	0.426	1.42 (1.01-2.48)	1.56 (1.01-2.22)	0.798	0.11	0.949
IL-23	6.45 (4.37-51.49)	4.37 (4.37-69.89)	0.799	63.29 (4.37-373)	30.43 (4.37-535)	0.674	0.18	0.249
IL-16	37.38 (3.98-82.47)	30.45 (19.15-56.61)	0.331	58.74 (2.7-116)	20.01 (2.7-50.66)	0.26	0.969	0.296
IL-20	23.84 (23.84-23.84)	23.84 (23.84-23.84)	0.197	23.84 (23.84-38.4)	23.84 (23.84-23.84)	0.655	0.678	1
IL-21	2.63 (2.63-2.63)	2.63 (2.63-2.63)	0.317	2.63 (2.63-2.63)	2.63 (2.63-2.63)	0.317	0.423	0.746
IL-28a	0.99 (0.99-3.14)	0.99 (0.99-4.48)	0.753	0.99 (0.99-16.49)	0.99 (0.99-5.95)	0.686	0.47	0.99
IL-33	5.78 (5.78-11.23)	5.78 (5.78-7.26)	0.686	5.78 (5.78-46.66)	5.78 (5.78-69.88)	0.686	0.3	0.476
LIF	3.12 (1.66-4.29)	2.77 (1.6-3.26)	0.691	1.91 (0.98-4.66)	2.3 (1.31-3.69)	0.441	0.263	0.711
MCP-2	14.99 (9.58-26.36)	14.52 (11.04-29.02)	0.427	8.72 (6.74-21.44)	18.27 (10.62-26.93)	0.328	0.232	0.848
MCP-4	22.38 (14.89-33.87)	22.14 (14.07-32.12)	0.955	16.78 (9.47-25.28)	19.38 (10.36-34.95)	0.093	0.124	0.769
MIP-1d	2230 (834-2998)	1682 (1005-2639)	0.496	1131 (331-1462)	1051 (851-1550)	0.248	0.036	0.041
SCF	1.86 (1.86-3.28)	1.86 (1.86-7.51)	0.575	1.86 (1.86-3.05)	1.86 (1.86-7.32)	0.144	0.771	0.779
SDF-1a	332 (252-765)	767 (287-985)	0.05	702 (394-1166.2)	1261 (1016-1659)	0.009	0.196	0.032
TARC	20.14 (15.32-28.82)	14.03 (10.3-21.46)	0.006	30.97 (20.41-46.4)	18.97(10.97-32.62)	0.033	0.016	0.021
TPO	188 (142-257)	265 (179-312)	0.173	190 (145-453)	235 (131-786)	0.374	0.566	0.655
TRAIL	2.9 (2.9-2.9)	2.9 (2.9-5.51)	0.028	2.9 (2.9-2.9)	2.9 (2.9-31.96)	0.046	0.746	0.457
TSLP	4.68 (4.68-4.68)	4.68 (4.68-4.68)	0.317	4.68 (4.68-6.3)	4.68 (4.68-6.85)	0.345	0.049	0.116
CCL19	155 (116-183)	191 (164-242)	0.009	122 (75.74-164)	200 (91.01-299)	0.013	0.33	0.929
CCL20	26.96 (9.69-75.43)	13.99 (10.8-29.42)	0.247	13.99 (6.86-27.79)	12.95 (6.86-15.02)	0.441	0.19	0.158
CXCL9	3177 (2719-3474)	1348 (1032-1951)	0.005	2523 (1966-2911)	1930 (984-3788)	0.374	0.041	0.413
CXCL6	160 (112-182)	138 (101-172)	0.426	110 (74.38-141)	93.95 (70.2-123)	0.657	0.059	0.012
CXCL11	1847 (892-10539)	1056 (576-2020)	0.245	823 (596-2010)	2322 (843-2714)	0.114	0.13	0.134
IL29	174 (153-195)	153 (149.76-174)	0.582	153 (149.76-195)	153 (149.76-195)	0.416	0.558	0.662
M-CSF	79.39 (79.39-79.39)	79.39 (79.39-79.39)	1	79.39 (79.39-9.39)	79.39 (79.39-79.39)	1	1	1
XC11	19.72 (88.62-32.98)	32.98 (8.62-45.45)	0.411	8.62(8.62-79.25)	8.62 (8.62-144)	0.293	0.95	0.965
EGF	54.78 (2.6-92.2)	9.47 (2.6-52.23)	0.221	31.4 (13.8-99.06)	10.11 (2.6-22.01)	0.037	1	0.638
FGF-2	16.6 (3.07-45.69)	3.07 (3.07-40.73)	0.241	3.07 (3.07-8.44)	3.07 (3.07-29.74)	0.715	0.17	1
EOTAXIN	389 (182-530)	436 (278-620)	0.394	262 (138-397)	236 (118-315)	0.374	0.148	0.015
TGF-a	2.28 (2.28-4.23)	2.28 (2.28-2.28)	0.128	2.28 (2.28-2.28)	2.28 (2.28-2.28)	0.317	0.308	0.614
G-CSF	2.6 (2.6-29.5)	2.6 (2.6-7.78)	0.345	2.6 (2.6-2.6)	2.6 (2.6-2.6)	0.18	0.293	0.113
GRO	579 (226-1378)	469 (208-725)	0.281	243 (143-541)	85.57 (3.73-199)	0.059	0.148	0.009
IL-10	3.21 (3.21-3.21)	3.21 (3.21-3.21)	0.18	3.21 (3.21-3.21)	3.21 (3.21-3.21)	0.317	0.492	0.423
MDC	627 (184-877)	365 (248-827)	0.776	294 (192-454)	158 (119-443)	0.657	0.164	0.54
sCD40L	1116 (192-2402)	1510 (737-2905)	0.57	848 (242-1342)	771 (442-1514)	0.477	0.405	0.106
IL-8	45.31 (2.11-153)	2.35 (1.65-13.3)	0.177	55.29 (1.65-104)	1.65 (1.65-5.02)	0.011	0.929	0.186
IP-10	1154 (777-2668)	605 (362-1282)	0.006	679 (323-1086)	549 (365-1386)	0.859	0.027	0.574
MCP-1	298 (116-477)	215 (102-520)	0.478	184 (76.17-267)	118 (54.96-186)	0.374	0.107	0.097
MIP-1a	2.51 (2.51-34.54)	2.51 (2.51-11.46)	0.779	12.02 (2.51-35.01)	2.51 (2.51-2.51)	0.091	0.705	0.416
MIP-1b	31.43 (1.54-174)	1.54 (1.54-28.75)	0.028	1.54 (1.54-48.57)	1.54 (1.54-11.12)	0.345	0.148	0.649
VEGF	42.87 (5.8-225)	5.8 (5.8-19.43)	0.074	5.8 (5.8-81.56)	5.8 (5.8-22.63)	0.144	0.307	0.631

IL: Interleukin; TARC: Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine; CXCL9: CXC-chemokine ligand 9; IP10: Interferon gamma-induced protein 10; MIP: Macrophage inflammatory protein; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.