Risk factors, incidence, and morbidity associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea in intensive care unit patients receiving antibiotic monotherapy

Table 4 Factors related to antibiotic-associated diarrhea in critically ill patients receiving antibiotic monotherapy

Related factors	Univariate logistic regression analysis		Multivariate logistic regression analysis
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age	1.026 (1.009-1.044)	0.003	1.022 (1.001-1.044)	0.040
Gender	1.098 (0.563-2.139)	0.784
Proton pump inhibitors	1.406 (0.551-3.589)	0.476
Duration of proton pump inhibitors	1.064 (1.013-1.117)	0.013	1.129 (1.020-1.249)	0.019
Parenteral nutrition	1.482 (0.758-2.898)	0.251
Albumin levels	1.007 (0.964-1.052)	0.745
Hypertension	1.660 (0.836-3.295)	0.148
Diabetes	2.229 (1.007-4.933)	0.048	1.072 (0.345-3.333)	0.904
ICU stay time	1.111 (1.062-1.162)	< 0.001	1.133 (1.041-1.234)	0.004
APACHE II score at admission into the ICU	1.029 (0.987-1.073)	0.179
Duration of antibiotic	1.247 (1.139-1.367)	< 0.001	1.163 (1.024-1.320)	0.020
Gastrointestinal surgery	1.393 (0.354-5.481)	0.635
Fasting time exceeding 72 h	1.022 (0.887-1.179)	0.265
Glucocorticoid	1.454 (0.719-2.941)	0.298
White blood cell count into the ICU	1.010 (0.967-1.055)	0.656
Infection sites	1.097 (0.923-1.303)	0.294
Cephalosporins	6.817 (0.893-52.026)	0.064
Carbapenems	1.316 (0.538-3.217)	0.547
Beta-lactam plus enzyme inhibitors	2.152 (1.038-4.462)	0.039	1.480 (0.594-3.688)	0.400
Quinolones	1.396 (0.295-6.613)	0.674
Antifungals	3.767 (0.516-27.522)	0.191

Beta-lactam plus enzyme inhibitor antibiotics were piperacillin-tazobactam and cefoperazone-sulbactam. ICU: Intensive care unit; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.