Risk factors, incidence, and morbidity associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea in intensive care unit patients receiving antibiotic monotherapy

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Variables	AAD	No AAD	P value
No. of patients	45	164
Age, yr	62.93 ± 22.43	51.70 ± 20.97	0.002
Male/female	26/19	91/73	0.784
Hypertension, n (%)	18 (40.00)	47 (28.66)	0.145
Diabetes, n (%)	12 (26.67)	23 (14.02)	0.044
Parenteral nutrition, n (%)	27 (60.00)	82 (50.00)	0.249
proton pump inhibitors, n (%)	38 (84.44)	145 (88.41)	0.475
Duration of proton pump inhibitors, h	10.05 ± 9.67	6.88 ± 5.28	0.007
Gastrointestinal surgery, n (%)	3 (6.67)	8 (4.88)	0.921
Fasting time exceeding 72 h, n (%)	18 (40.00)	81 (49.39)	0.264
Use of glucocorticoid, n (%)	14 (31.11)	65 (39.63)	0.296
Albumin levels, g/L	31.87 ± 5.52	32.28 ± 8.14	0.746
White blood cell count into the ICU, × 109/L	13.66 ± 8.59	13.11 ± 6.98	0.658
APACHE II score at admission into the ICU, points	18.45 ± 7.33	16.63 ± 8.05	0.177
Duration of antibiotic, d	10.24 ± 5.94	6.19 ± 3.11	< 0.001
ICU stay time, d	15.89 ± 10.69	8.49 ± 6.31	< 0.001
ICU mortality, n (%)	3 (6.67)	16 (9.76)	0.729

AAD: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea; ICU: Intensive care unit.