Maternal serum level of resistin is associated with risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Detailed characteristics of all eligible studies for the association between serum resistin levels and gestational diabetes mellitus

Ref.	Location	Study design	Number GDM/C	GDM diagnosis	Time for sampling	Assay method	Need for insulin n (%)	Resistin level, ng/mL mean ± SD
								GDM	Control	P
Tsiotra et al[49], 2018	Greece	CC	15/23	75 g ADA	39 wk	LUMINEX xMAP	4 (26.7)	26.147 ± 7.337	23.440 ± 1.567	NS
Lobo et al[42], 2018	Brazil	CC	15/30	75 g IADPSG	< 14 wk	ELISA	0	14.047 ± 5.334	12.357 ± 4.747	NS
			18/28		14-20 wk		0	14.420 ± 6.157	14.219 ± 5.721	NS
Siddiqui et al[25], 2018	Saudi Arabia	CC	14/21	100 g ADA	24-32 wk	Randox evidence biochip analyzer	NI	9.1 ± 4.2	6.1 ± 1.6	0.02
Bagci et al[21], 2018	Turkey	CC	40/40	100 g NDDG	24-28 wk	ELISA	NI	16.78 ± 6.83	12.79 ± 5.02	0.004
Khanam et al[37], 2017	Australia	Cohort	52/71	75 g ADIPS	14 wk	Multiplex assay kits	0	0.667 ± 0.515	0.697 ± 0.249	NS
			52/71		18 wk		0	0.896 ± 0.547	0.806 ± 0.416	NS
Ravnsborg et al[45], 2016	Denmark	CC	199/208	75 g 2 h ≥ 9.0 mmol/L	8+1-13+6 wk	ELISA	78 (39.2)	14.06 ± 6.43	13.22 ± 4.87	NS
Huang et al[13], 2016	China	CC	43/24	75 g IADPSG	37-40 wk	ELISA	17 (39.5)	19240 ± 5860	14570 ± 4890	< 0.05
Takhshid and Zare[48], 2015	Iran	CC	75/70	100 g Carpenter and Coustan	30 wk	ELISA	NI	13.0 ± 6.6	11.4 ± 6.9	NS
Boyadzhieva et al[32], 2013	Bulgaria	CC	127/109	75 g IADPSG	24-28 wk	BioVendor® kits	0	10.11 ± 2.2	9.09 ± 3.2	NS
Nanda et al[43], 2012	UK	CC	60/240	75 g fasting ≥ 6.0 mmol/L or 2 h ≥ 7.8 mmol/L	11-13 wk	ELISA	0	8.32 ± 4.58	8.28 ± 3.38	NS
Skvarca et al[47], 2012	Slovenia	CS	30/25	100 g Carpenter and Coustan	Approximately 27 wk	ELISA	0	2.00 ± 0.68	2.40 ± 1.26	NS
Akdeniz et al[31], 2011	Turkey	CC	20/22	ADA	Before delivery	ELISA	20 (100)	8.7 ± 2.1	8.1 ± 2.5	NS
Vitoratos et al[18], 2011	Greece	Cohort	30/30	100 g Carpenter and Coustan	26-28 wk	Sandwich immunoassay kit	0	0.21 ± 0.08	0.19 ± 0.12	NS
			30/30		38 wk		0	0.28 ± 0.2	0.21 ± 0.13	0.02
			30/30		The third postpartum day		0	0.25 ± 0.11	0.19 ± 0.10	0.03
Kleiblova et al[38], 2010	Czech Republic	CC	10/13	75 g Czech Diabetes Association	At delivery	ELISA	10 (100)	12.6 ± 4.2	10.9 ± 2.1	NS
Vitoratos et al[50], 2010	Greece	CC	30/30	100 g Carpenter and Coustan	24-26 wk	Sandwich immunoassay kit	0	0.1913 ± 0.1096	0.21 ± 0.0822	NS
Kralisch et al[39], 2009	Germany	CC	40/80	75 g ADA	G: 29 ± 3 wk; C: 28 ± 4 wk	ELISA	NI	6.5 ± 2.7	7.4 ± 3.3	NS
Kuzmicki et al[14], 2009	Poland	CC	81/82	75 g WHO	24-31 wk	Quantikine immunoassay kit	0	21.9 ± 5.9	19.0 ± 5.9	< 0.001
Palik et al[17], 2007	Hungary	CS	30/15	75 g WHO	26-30 wk	ELISA	30 (100)	15.76 ± 3.52	13.0 ± 3.60	< 0.001

CC: Case-control study; CS: Cross-sectional study; ADA: American Diabetes Association; IADPSG: International Association of Diabetic Pregnancy Study Group; WHO: World Health Organization; NDDG: National Diabetes Data Group; ADIPS: Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society; RIA: Radio Immunoassay; NI: No information; NS: Non-significant.