Clinical presentation and early predictors for poor outcomes in pediatric myocarditis: A retrospective study

Table 2 Comparison between patients with acute coronary syndrome-like and fulminant myocarditis

Variable	ACS-like (n = 14; 33%)	No ACS-like (n = 28; 66%)	P value	FM (n = 12; 28%)	No FM (n = 30; 78%)	P value
Age (yr), median (IQR)	11 (5-12.5)	1.6 (1-8)	< 0.001	10 (2-13)	1.7 (0.9-3)	< 0.001
Male sex, n (%)	19 (71)	19 (67)	0.813	9 (75)	20 (66)	0.598
Days from initial symptoms, median (IQR)	2 (1-3)	8.5 (4-12)	0.005	9 (4.5-11)	4 (2-10)	0.017
Visits prior to admission, median (IQR)	1 (1-1)	2 (2-3)	< 0.001	2.5 (2-3)	1 (1-1)	< 0.001
Viral prodromal, n (%)	9 (31)	5 (38)	0.637	9 (31)	3 (23)	0.598
Altered ECG, n (%)	14 (100)	25 (89)	0.204	12 (100)	27 (90)	0.256
CPR (mg/dl), median (IQR)	5 (2.5-188)	3 (2-144)	0.179	29 (3-203)	3 (2-144)	0.095
Troponin T (ng/mL), median (IQR)	466 (89-800)	51 (4-353)	0.041	134 (71-431)	70 (4-160)	0.308
NT-proBNP (pg/mL), median (IQR)	137 (78-234)	1960 (272-3175)	< 0.001	2900 (2207-6125)	225 (105-561)	< 0.001
LVEF (%), median (IQR)	65 (62-67)	41 (30-53)	< 0.001	32 (27-36)	62 (45-66)	< 0.001
LGE in cMRI (n = 21), n (%)	10/14 (71)	5/7 (71)	1.000	0/1 (0)	15/20 (75)	0.105
Positive Microbiology, n (%)	9 (64)	18 (64)	1.000	8 (66)	19 (63)	0.839
Poor outcomes, n (%)	0 (0)	7 (25)	0.041	5 (41)	2 (7)	0.006

ACS-like: Acute coronary syndrome; FM: Fulminant myocarditis; IQR: Interquartile range; ECG: Electrocardiogram; CRP: C-reactive protein; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; LVEF: Left ventricle ejection fraction; LGE: Late gadolinium enhancement; cMRI: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.