Rhombencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes with hydrocephalus and intracranial hemorrhage: A case report and review of the literature

Table 1 Characteristics of four cases of neonatal listeriosis with hydrocephalus published between 1989 and 2018

Ref.	Gestation/gender	CT/sonography on admission	Time to diagnosis of hydrocephalus	Other complications	Intervention	Outcome
Svare et al[22], 1991	NB, 32 W/M	Not done	6 wk	Epilepsy, intraventricular hemorrhage	VPD	Moderately retarded with reduced muscular tone at 3 mo
Madlinger et al[25], 1998	NB, 34 W/F	Sonography, normal	9 wk	None	VAD, VDP	Recovery
Chan et al[26], 2007	NB, 31 W/M	Not done	10 d	Subtle seizure	VPD	Significant improvement
Laciar et al[27], 2011	NB, 37 W/F	Not done	3 d	None	EVD	NA

NB: Newborn; W: Weeks; M: Male; F: Female; EVD: External ventricular drain; VPD: Ventriculo-peritoneal drain; VAD: Ventriculo-atrial drain; NA: Not available.