Three-dimensional image simulation of primary diaphragmatic hemangioma: A case report

Table 1 Nine cases of diaphragmatic hemangiomas reported in the English literature to date

Ref.	Gender	Age (yr)	Clinical magnification	Diagnostic modality	Tumor location	Treatment	Outcome
Kaniklides et al[2], 1999	Male	4	Large numbers of subcutaneous vessels over left upper abdominal wall	CT, MRI, angiography	Supraphrenic, left	Surgical resection with laparotomy plus thoracotomy	Good
Ohsaki et al[3], 2000	Female	31	Chest pain on the deep inspirations	CT, MRI, bone scintigraphy (99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate)	Supraphrenic, right	Surgical resection via thoracic approach	Good
Cacciaguerra et al[4], 2001	Female	0	Neonatal respiratory failure and hydrops fetalis	Cardiac sonography, CT	Supraphrenic, right	Surgical resection with median sternotomy	Good
Kono et al[5], 2006	Female	75	No specific discomfort	CT, MRI	Supraphrenic, right	Surgical resection via thoracoscopic approach	good
Ino et al[6], 2010	Male	64	No specific discomfort	CT, PET scan	Subphrenic, left	Surgical resection via laparoscopic approach	Good
Tsang et al[9], 2011	Male	0	Massive pleural effusion, pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade	Chest X ray, cardioechography	Supraphrenic and subphrenic, left	Surgical resection with median sternotomy, extended to upper abdomen	Good
Ueno et al[7], 2013	Male	51	No specific discomfort	CT, PET scan	Supraphrenic, right	Surgical resection via thoracic approach	Good
Yao et al[8], 2013	Unknown	0	Dyspnea	CT, MR	Supraphrenic, right	Interventional vascular embolization	Good
Wu et al[10], 2015	Female	0	Progressive respiratory distress and massive right hydrothorax	Sonography, CT, MRI	Supraphrenic, right	Interventional vascular embolization	Good

CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; PET: Positron emission tomography.