Effect of cognitive behavior therapy combined with exercise intervention on the cognitive bias and coping styles of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients

Table 4 Comparison of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale and Pain Coping Style Questionnaire scores between the diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patient and healthy control groups (mean ± SD)

Scale	Dimensions	IBS-D (n = 57)	Healthy control (n = 30)	t	P value
ATQ		63.32 ± 9.44	44.33 ± 3.51	10.609	0.000
DAS	Vulnerability	17.96 ± 2.36	14.67 ± 1.26	7.099	0.002
	Absorption/rejection	15.46 ± 3.67	11.17 ± 2.26	5.837	0.000
	Perfectionism	16.98 ± 2.98	15.87 ± 2.30	1.785	0.059
	Mandatory	17.89 ± 3.74	11.93 ± 2.19	8.019	0.000
	Seek approval	18.09 ± 3.47	13.40 ± 2.31	6.652	0.002
	Dependence	18.30 ± 2.62	13.20 ± 2.02	9.276	0.043
	Autonomous attitude	18.56 ± 3.74	12.83 ± 2.70	7.410	0.041
	Cognitive philosophy	17.16 ± 2.12	12.87 ± 2.86	7.915	0.007
	Total score	137.39 ± 17.30	113.67 ± 10.35	6.875	0.008
CSQ	f1 Reinterpret	9.42 ± 2.91	9.43 ± 2.27	-0.019	0.513
	f2 Overcome	17.42 ± 2.61	17.57 ± 2.14	-0.262	0.205
	f3 Ignore	13.27 ± 2.67	14.81 ± 3.00	-2.358	0.337
	f4 Catastrophization	19.82 ± 3.14	11.57 ± 4.76	9.689	0.004
	f5 Increase activity	12.74 ± 3.12	13.67 ± 3.85	-1.215	0.175
	f6 Pain behavior	13.93 ± 3.21	12.67 ± 3.20	1.744	0.890
	f7 Divert attention	9.68 ± 4.21	14.67 ± 3.25	-5.642	0.025
	f8 Pray	12.74 ± 3.12	9.27 ± 2.11	5.452	0.005

ATQ: Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire; DAS: Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale; CSQ: Pain Coping Style Questionnaire.