Treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: A systematic review

Table 2 Studies that identified LPRD with objective diagnostic tools

Ref.	Design	EL	Characteristics	Outcomes	Treatment
Noordzij et al[73], 2001	Placebo RCT	Ib	Gr1: LPR (n = 15); Gr2: LPR (n = 15)	Pre to post-symptom improvement: +; Pre to post-sign improvement: -	Gr1-2: 8 wk placebo/omeprazole (40 mg, 2/d)
Belafsky et al[74], 2001	Pros Uncontr	IIIb	LPR (n = 39)	Pre to post-RSI and RFS improvement: +	24 wk omeprazole/rabeprazole (20 mg, 2/d) or lansoprazole (30 mg, 2/d) and diet
Belafsky et al[75], 2002	Pros Uncontr	IIIb	LPR (n = 25)	Pre to post-RSI improvement: +	26 wk PPIs (2/d) and diet
Eherer et al[76], 2003	Placebo RCT	Ib	Gr1: LPR (n = 7); Gr2: LPR (n = 7)	Symptom/sign improvement: 80%-100%	Gr1-2: 12 wk placebo/pantoprazole (40 mg, 2/d)
Steward et al[77], 2004	Placebo RCT	Ib	Gr1: LPR (n = 21); Gr2: LPR (n = 21)	Symptom improvement: 53%	Gr1-2: 8 wk placebo/rabeprazole (20 mg 2/d) and diet
Wo et al[78], 2006	Placebo RCT	Ib	Gr1: LPR (n = 19); Gr2: LPR (n = 20)	Symptom improvement: 40%	Gr1-2: 12 wk placebo/pantoprazole (40 mg/d)
Jin et al[79], 2008	Pros Uncontr	IIIb	LPR (n = 40)	Pre to post-RSI and RFS improvement: +	20 wk lansoprazole (30 mg/d) and mosapride (5 mg, 3/d) or levosulpride (25 mg, 3/d)
Friedman et al[40], 2011	Retrospective	IV	Gr1: LPR (n = 73); Gr2: suspected LPR (n = 70)	Improvement of main complaint Gr1-2: 49%-41%; Resolution of main complaint Gr 1-2: 14%-3%	24 wk PPI (20 or 40 mg, 2/d) and diet
Lien et al[80], 2013	Pros Contr	IIIb	Gr1: GERD and LPR (n = 65); Gr2: LPR (n = 42)	Reduction of > 50% of RSI (Gr1-2): 63%-17%	12 wk esomeprazole (40 mg, 2/d) and diet
Wan et al[56], 2014	Pros Contr	IIb	Gr1: suspected LPR (n = 35); Gr2: LPR (n = 23)	Pre to post-RSI and RFS improvement: +	4 wk esomeprazole (20 mg, 2/d) and diet
Waxman et al[81], 2014	Retrospective	IV	LPR (n = 43)	Reduction of ≥ 1-point of RSI: 67%	4 wk omeprazole (40 mg, 2/d)
Nennstiel et al[60], 2016	Retrospective	IV	Gr1: LPR (n = 21); Gr2: suspected LPR (n = 24)	Symptom VAS improvement: 60%	12 wk pantoprazole (40mg, 2/d) and diet
	Cross-sectional
Tseng et al[82], 2018	Placebo RCT	Ib	Gr1: LPR (n = 39); Gr2: LPR (n = 40)	Pre to post-RSI and RFS improvement: +	Gr1-2: 8 wk alginate/placebo and diet
Agrawal et al[83], 2018	Pros Uncontr	IIIb	LPR (n = 33)	Reduction of > 50% of RSI: 45%	8-12 wk omeprazole and diet

GERD: Gastroeosophageal reflux disease; Gr: Group; LPR: Laryngopharyngeal reflux; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; Pros Contr: Prospective controlled study; PROS Uncontr: Prospective uncontrolled study; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; RFS: Reflux finding score; RSI: Reflux symptom index; VAS: Visual analog scale.