Incidence of infectious complications is associated with a high mortality in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

Table 4 Risk factors for the development of bacterial and/or fungal infections

		Total	Secondary infectionn (%)	χ2	OR (95%CI)	P-value
Gender	Female	36	32 (88.89)	9.263	5.46 (1.83, 16.31)	0.002
	Male	138	82 (59.42)
Age (yr)	≥ 45	107	80 (74.77)	10.214	2.88 (1.51, 5.49)	0.001
	< 45	67	34 (50.75)
HBVDNA (IU/mL)	< 4.575 × 105	79	59 (74.68)	6.281	2.32 (1.20, 4.46)	0.012
	≥ 4.575 × 105	95	55 (57.89)
Stage of liver failure	Middle and late	131	102 (77.9)	30.459	9.09 (4.15, 19.89)	0.000
	Early	43	12 (27.91)
ACLF grade	ACLF-1	41	15 (36.59)	18.117	5.05 (2.40, 10.64)	0.000
	ACLF-(2, 3)	133	99 (74.44)
ALT (U/L)	< 493.5	97	75 (78.95)	15.273	3.71 (1.92, 7.17)	0.000
	≥ 493.5	77	39 (50.65)
AST (U/L)	<538.5	120	92 (76.67)	19.847	4.78 (2.40, 9.51)	0.000
	≥ 538.5	54	22 (40.74)
TBIL (µmol/mL)	≥ 348.35	40	34 (85)	7.925	3.83 (1.50, 9.73)	0.005
	< 348.35	134	80 (59.7)
WBC (G/L)	≥ 10	24	24 (100)	7.099	15.73 (2.07, 119.45)	0.008
	< 10	150	90 (60)
NE%	> 70	86	71 (82.56)	20.283	4.95 (2.47, 9.94)	0.000
	≤ 70	88	43 (48.86)
Hospital stay (d)	≥ 30	48	40 (83.33)	9.312	1.45 (0.66, 3.17)	0.003
	< 30	126	74 (58.73)
ALB (g/L)	≤ 33.1	101	76 (75.25)	9.812	2.80 (1.47, 5.33)	0.002
	> 33.1	73	38 (52.05)
PT (s)	≥ 27.55	58	48 (82.76)	10.685	3.64 (1.68, 7.89)	0.001
	< 27.55	116	66 (56.89)

TBIL: Total bilirubin; PT: Prothrombin time; WBC: White blood cells; NE%: Percentage of neutrophils; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALB: Albumin. AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ACLF grade: Acute-on-chronic liver failure grade; ACLF-1: Acute-on-chronic liver failure grade 1; ACLF-(2, 3): Acute-on-chronic liver failure grades 2 and 3.