Incidence of infectious complications is associated with a high mortality in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients with and without infections

	Total (n = 174)	Infection (n = 114)	No infection (n = 60)	t/χ2/z	P-value
Age (yr)	47.44 ± 11.49	49.28 ± 11.32	43.95 ± 11.10	2.972	0.003
Male, n (%)	138 (79.31)	82 (71.93)	56 (93.33)	10.975	0.001
Hepatic encephalopathy	25 (14.37)	23 (20.18)	2 (3.33)	9.063	0.002
Hepatorenal syndrome	11 (6.32)	10 (8.77)	1 (1.67)	3.351	0.100
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage	11 (6.32)	10 (8.77)	1 (1.67)	3.351	0.100
ACLF-1	41 (23.56)	15 (13.16)	26 (43.33)	19.874	0.000
ACLF-2	51 (29.31)	31 (27.19)	20 (33.33)	0.715	0.398
ACLF-3	82 (47.13)	68 (59.65)	14 (23.33)	20.806	0.000
INR	2.09 (1.07)	2.215 (1.24)	1.835 (0.695)	-3.193	0.001
ALB (g/L)	32.38 ± 5.31	31.42 ± 4.63	34.197 ± 6.06	-3.110	0.002
Cr (μmol/L)	55.65 (35.425)	57.20 (41.175)	55.00 (25.525)	-1.604	0.109
Na (mmol/L)	138.20 (6.52)	137.25 (7.95)	139.1 (5.325)	-2.752	0.006
WBC (G/L)	5.375 (3.623)	6.32 (4.07)	4.64 (3.085)	-3.655	0.000
NE%	69.85 (16.55)	72.95 (13.875)	63.15 (12.95)	-4.300	0.000
ALT (U/L)	379.50 (842.25)	305.5 (608.75)	793.5 (867.5)	-4.050	0.000
AST (U/L)	260.50 (591)	224.5 (342.5)	599.0 (858.25)	-4.001	0.000
TBIL (μmol/L)	260.16 ± 128.63	277.2 ± 134.7	227.8 ± 110.13	2.599	0.010
PT (S)	23.30 (11.325)	25.20 (14.3)	21.15 (7.15)	-2.956	0.003
MELD	20.58 ± 8.52	22.33 ± 8.92	17.25 ± 6.58	4.267	0.000
MELD-Na	22.51 ± 10.44	25.09 ± 11.14	17.6 ± 6.7	5.525	0.000
iMELD	38.81 ± 10.87	41.74 ± 11.38	33.23 ± 7.05	6.076	0.000
ALBI	-1.205 ± 0.53	-1.103 ± 0.45	-1.399 ± 0.613	3.293	0.001
CTP	11.00 (2)	12.00 (2)	10.00 (2.75)	-4.896	0.000

TBIL: Total bilirubin; PT: Prothrombin time; WBC: White blood cells; NE%: Percentage of neutrophils; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALB: Albumin. INR: Standardized international ratio; Cr: Creatinine; Na: Sodium; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; MELD-Na: MELD-sodium; iMELD: Integrated MELD; ALBI: Albumin-bilirubin; ACLF-1: Acute-on-chronic liver failure grade 1; ACLF-2: Acute-on-chronic liver failure grade 2; ACLF-3: Acute-on-chronic liver failure grade 3.