Bone alterations in inflammatory bowel diseases

Table 1 European Crohn and Colitis Organization guidelines for the management of bone alterations in inflammatory bowel diseases population

ECCO guidelines for the management of bone alterations in IBD population
Life style recommendations	Physical exercise; Stopping smoking; and adequate dietary calcium (1 g/daily)
Vitamin and mineral supplements	Calcium (500-1000 mg/daily); Vitamin D (dose of ~1000 IU daily, or higher dose if known vitamin D deficiency) supplement for prophylaxis in patients receiving systemic steroid therapy; Calcium and vitamin D supplement if the T score is lower than -1.5
Treatment recommendations	More intensive treatment in patients with a history of pre-existing fracture; Regular use of BPs and other therapies in subjects with underlying disease activity particularly in young and postmenopausal women or those with previous spontaneous fractures

ECCO: European Crohn and Colitis Organization; IBD: Inflammatory bowel diseases.