Cost-analysis of inpatient and outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in orthopaedics: A systematic literature review

Table 7 Literature details on bone and joint infections

ID	First author	Ref.	Year	Diagnosis
2	Antoniskis	[9]	1978	5 acute OM, 6 chronic OM	No information regarding affected joints
3	Bernard	[10]	2001	39 OM (13 non-union fracture; 16 chronic OM; 10 PPJI)	Sites of OM: femur (n = 11), hip (n = 9); tibia (n = 5), ankle (n = 4), mastoid, calcaneum, vertebra, knee (each n = 2), wrist and phalange (each n = 1). No information on outcome per affected joints
4	Chapman	[11]	2009	Of 334 infections, approx. 20 (6%) were bone and joint associated; bed days saved were approx. 481 of 4034 (12%)	No information regarding affected joints
6	Gonzales	[13]	2017	Underlying diagnosis not mentioned	No information regarding affected joints
7	Gray	[14]	2012	291 cases; 14 in orthopaedics (4.8%)	No information regarding affected joints
8	Grizzard	[15]	1991	OM and septic arthritis most frequent diagnosis in OPAT (30% of patient days)	No information regarding affected joints
10	Heintz	[17]	2011	569 cases; 190 (33.4%) bone and joint associated	No information regarding affected bones or joints
11	Kieran	[18]	2009	60 cases; OM (n = 25, 41.7%), PPJI (n = 2; 3.3%) and septic arthritis (n = 3, 5.1%) accounting for 50%	No information regarding affected bones or joints
13	Malone	[20]	2015	Diabetic foot syndrome. Cellulites with OM (n = 14; 24%) and OM alone (n = 11; 19%) were documented (n = 25; 43%)	No information regarding affected bones or joints
14	Nathwani	[21]	2003	4 septic arthritis; 3 acute and 48 chronic OM (40%/19 = PPJI)	No information regarding affected bones or joints
16	Ruh	[23]	2015	96 cases; bone and joint infection in 14 (39.5%)	No information regarding affected bones or joints
18	Sims	[25]	2013	10 primary total knee replacements and 4 primary total hip replacement	No economic analysis was performed by affected joint
19	Theocharis	[26]	2012	No bone or joint infection mentioned	No information regarding affected bones or joints
20	Wai	[27]	2000	140 cases; 55 bone/joint (39%) infections	No information regarding affected bones or joints
21	Yong	[28]	2009	7/72 cases of OPAT and 9/93 IPAT patient bone and joint associated	No information regarding affected bones or joints

OM: Osteomyelitis; PPJI: Periprosthetic joint infections; IPAT: Inpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy; OPAT: Outpatient parenteral antibiotic