Leveraging machine learning techniques for predicting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor grades using biochemical and tumor markers

Table 2 Relationship between different pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor grades and clinical variables

	mean ± SD	P value, vs G1	P value, vs G2	P value of binary
Gender (male / female)			s	0.3575
G1	14 / 18
G2	37 / 11	0.002
G3	4 / 7	0.668	0.008
Age				< 0.001
G1	52.47 ± 11.70
G2	49.19 ± 11.34	0.634
G3	50.00 ± 17.04	0.082	0.039
ALT				< 0.001
G1	34.95 ± 72.06
G2	33.97 ± 59.10	0.730
G3	117.02 ± 143.74	0.039	0.006
BIL				< 0.001
G1	9.15 ± 3.65
G2	12.71 ± 9.56	0.009
G3	69.63 ± 67.56	< 0.001	< 0.001
AFP				< 0.001
G1	2.27 ± 1.02
G2	3.34 ± 2.38	0.014
G3	3.47 ± 1.50	0.035	0.606
CEA				< 0.001
G1	1.51 ± 0.82
G2	2.19 ± 2.38	0.132
G3	11.77 ± 17.05	< 0.001	< 0.001
CA19-9				< 0.001
G1	9.58 ± 7.57
G2	20.46 ± 24.74	0.007
G3	37.10 ± 39.40	< 0.001	0.118
CA125				0.0146
G1	10.43 ± 5.60
G2	13.72 ± 12.22	0.039
G3	11.13 ± 4.75	0.942	0.195
CA15-3				< 0.001
G1	8.98 ± 4.34
G2	11.41 ± 5.49	0.361
G3	11.52 ± 3.80	0.585	0.318
CA72-4				< 0.001
G1	1.83 ± 1.43
G2	2.14 ± 1.50	0.217
G3	7.42 ± 7.85	< 0.001	< 0.001

BIL: Bilirubin; ALT: Alanine transaminase; CA: Carbohydrate antigen; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein.