Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture: An updated meta-analysis

Table 2 Tranexamic acid for intertrochanteric fracture

Outcomes	Illustrative comparative risks1 (95%CI)		Relative effect (95%CI)	No of participants (studies)	Quality of the evidence (GRADE)	Comments
	Assumed risk	Corresponding risk
	Control	TXA
Intraoperative blood loss. Measurement. Scale: 0 to 5; follow-up: 0.25 to 12 mo.	See comments	See comments		309 (4 studies)	++++ high
Postoperative blood loss Drainage. Scale: 0 to 4; follow-up: 0.25 to 12 mo.	See comments	See comments		214 (3 studies)	++++ high
Hidden blood loss. Calculation. Scale: 0 to 4; follow-up: 0.25 to 12 mo.	See comments	See comments		177 (2 studies)	++++ high
Total blood loss. Measurement. Scale: 0 to 5; follow-up: 0.25 to 12 mo.	See comments	See comments		309 (4 studies)	++++ high
DVT. Imageological examination; follow-up: 0.25 to 12 mo.	Study population		OR = 1.34 (0.49 to 3.69)	539 (5 studies)	++++ high
	22 per 1000	29 per 1000 (11 to 77)
	Moderate
No. of transfusion. Follow-up; follow-up: 0.25 to 12 mo.	Study population		OR = 0.50 (0.36 to 0.69)	836 (8 studies)	++++ high
	505 per 1000	338 per 1000 (268 to 413)
	Moderate

¹The basis for the assumed risk (e.g., the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95%CI). Patient or population: Patients with intertrochanteric fracture; Settings: Inpatients; Intervention: Tranexamic acid Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Working Group grades of evidence. High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. TXA: Tranexamic acid.