Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture: An updated meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristic of included studies in meta-analysis

Study and year	Country	Design	TXA group	Control group	DVT PPX	Sample size (cases/ contros)	No. of females (cases/ controls, %)	Surgical proce-dure	Anesthesia method	Draina-ge	Transfusion trigger	Follow-up	QAS
Mohib_2015	Pakistan	DB-RCT	15 mg/kg, IV, twice	Normal saline	Enoxapa-rin	50/50	58/52	Not mention-ed	Not mention-ed	Not mention-ed	< 7g/dL	Dischar-ge	21
Baruah_2016	India	RCT	15 mg/kg, IV	Normal saline	Not mention-ed	30/30	20/16.7	DHS	Spinal anaesthe-sia	Yes	< 8.5 g/dL	Dischar-ge	19
Drakos_2016	Creece	DB-RCT	3 g, local administration, at the end of surgery	None	LMWH	100/100	73/79	Short Cephalomedulla-ry Nail (GAMMA3)	Spinal anaesthe-sia	None	< 8 g/dL	12 mo	21
Tengber-g_2016	Denmark	DB-RCT	1 g, IV, pre-operation; 3 g, IV, post-operation	Placebo	LMWH	33/39	78.7/64.1	Short Intramedullary Nail (IMH)	Epidural analge-sia	Not mention-ed	< 9.96 g/dL	4 mo	24
Virani_2016	India	RCT	2 g, intramucsular and subfascial infiltra-tion	None	Not mention-ed	67/70	62/61	DHS	Spinal anaesthe-sia	Yes	Not mention-ed	Dischar-ge	20
Lei_2017	China	RCT	1 g, IV, pre-operation	Normal saline	Not mention-ed	37/40	82.1/80.4	PFNA	Not mention-ed	Yes	< 9 g/dL	1 mo	20
Tian_2018	China	RCT	10 mg/kg IV, pre-operation and post-operation	None	LMWH	50/50	62/72	Intramedullary nail	Not mention-ed	Yes	< 9 g/dL	4 mo	21
Schiavo-ne_2018	Italy	RCT	15 mg/kg, IV, start with surgery	Saline	Not mention-ed	47/43	35/28	Gamma nail	Loco-regional anesthe-sia, or general anesthe-sia	Not mention-ed	< 8.5 g/dL	3 mo	20

DB: Double blind; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; IV: Intravenous administration; DHS: Dynamic hip screw; LMWH: Low molecular weight heparin; QAS: Quality assessment score; PFNA: Proximal femoral nail antirotation.