Radiation therapy for extrahepatic bile duct cancer: Current evidences and future perspectives

Table 1 Contemporary series of adjuvant radiotherapy for resected extrahepatic bile duct cancer

Ref.	Study period	Study design	No. of pts	RT dose (median)	Concurrent chemo-therapy	Subgroup	5-yr overall survival
Kim et al[16]	1995-2002	Retrospective	86	40 Gy	5-FU (96.5%)	R0 (n = 58)	46.3%	P = 0.6641
						R1 (n = 28)	41.4%
Park et al[17]	1998-2007	Retrospective	101	50 Gy	5-FU (84%)	R0 (n = 52)	44%	P = 0.2779
						R1 (n = 37)	33%
Borghero et al[35]	1984-2005	Retrospective	65	55 Gy	5-FU (52.4%), Cap (47.6%)	RT1 (n = 42)	36%	P = 0.6
				-		No RT (n = 23)	42%
Gwak et al[31]	1997-2005	Retrospective	78	50.4 Gy	FP or FL (51.6%)	RT (n = 31)	21.0%	P > 0.5
				-	-	No RT2 (n = 47)	11.6%
Kim et al[30]3	2001-2009	Retrospective	168	45 Gy	FL (99.1%)	RT (n = 115)	36.5%	P = 0.049
				-	-	No RT (n = 53)	28.2%
Ben-Josef et al[21]4	2008-2012	Phase 2	79	54-59.4 Gy	4 cycles of GemCap followed by concurrent Cap	R0 (n = 54)	67%5	P = NS
						R1 (n = 25)	60%5

¹Received adjuvant chemotherapy before chemoradiotherapy in 17% of patients;

²Received adjuvant chemotherapy in 17% of patients;

³Includes ampullary cancer as well (18.4%);

⁴Includes gallbladder cancer as well (31.6%);

⁵2-yr overall survial rate. RT: Radiotherapy; 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; Cap: Capecitabine; FL: 5-FU plus leucovorin; GemCap: Gemcitabine plus capecitabine; NS: Not significant.