Correlation of serum albumin and prognostic nutritional index with outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 2 Clinicopathological characteristics in grade 0-II and III-V complication groups

Data		Total (n = 238)	Grade 0-II (n = 175)	Grade III-V (n = 63)	P
Age (yr), mean (SD)		60.01 (11.01)	59.89 (11.40)	60.33 (9.91)	0.788
Gender, n (%)
	Male	125 (52.52)	95 (54.29)	30 (47.62)	0.364
	Female	113 (47.48)	80 (45.71)	33 (52.38)
BMI (kg/m2), median (range)		22.10 (15.11-38.95)	21.85 (15.11-38.95)	22.65 (16.22-35.34)	< 0.05
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)
	No	173 (72.69)	123 (70.29)	50 (79.37)	0.165
	Yes	65 (27.31)	52 (29.71)	13 (20.63)
ASA class, n (%), n = 234
	I	6 (2.56)	3 (1.75)	3 (4.76)	< 0.05
	II	80 (34.19)	64 (37.43)	16 (25.40)
	III	135 (57.69)	97 (56.73)	38 (60.32)
	IV	10 (4.27)	6 (3.51)	4 (6.35)
	V	3 (1.28)	1 (0.58)	2 (3.17)
Smoking, n (%)
	No	163 (68.49)	115 (65.71)	48 (76.19)	0.125
	Yes	75 (31.51)	60 (34.29)	15 (23.81)
Previous biliary intervention, n (%)
	No	84 (35.29)	60 (34.29)	24 (38.10)	0.587
	Yes	154 (64.71)	115 (65.71)	39 (61.90)
Total bilirubin (mg/dL), median (range)		1.20 (0.10-35.0)	1.20 (0.10-35.0)	1.30 (0.20-25.0)	0.956
Albumin (g/L), median (range)		34.9 (18.7-49.0)	35 (18.7-49.0)	34.1 (23.1-45.0)	< 0.05
	≥ 35	116 (48.47)	91 (52.0)	25 (39.68)	0.093
	< 35	122 (51.26)	84 (48.0)	38 (60.32)
Preoperative diagnosis, n (%)
	Benign	55 (23.11)	43 (24.57)	12 (19.05)	0.372
	Malignant	183 (76.89)	132 (75.43)	51 (80.95)
Pancreatic, n (%)
	Pancreatic	131 (55.04)	95 (54.29)	36 (57.14)	0.696
	Nonpancreatic	107 (44.96)	80 (45.71)	27 (42.86)
	Operating time, median (range)	465 (240-900)	420 (240-900)	480 (270-840)	0.175
	Blood loss (mL), median (range), n = 237	800 (100-13 000)	800 (100-8000)	1000 (150-13 000)	0.051
Pancreatic texture, n (%) n=227
	Hard firm	113 (49.78)	88 (52.69)	25 (41.67)	0.143
	Soft	114 (50.22)	79 (47.31)	35 (58.33)
Pancreatic diameter (mm) median (range), n = 225		3 (1-20)	3 (1-20)	4 (1-20)	0.718
PNI, median (range)
	Preoperative, n = 230	98.9 (0.4-382.2)	98.9 (0.4-382.2)	101.5 (39.2-204.9)	0.456
	POD 1, n = 140	49.3 (0.2-111.6)	56.3 (0.2-425.6)	45.3 (0.2-111.6)	0.060
	POD 2, n = 81	43.1 (0.2-331.1)	45.5 (0.2-331.1)	35.2 (0.2-78.2)	< 0.05
	POD 3, n = 133	40.5 (0.1-290.2)	45.5 (0.2-290.2)	30.0 (0.1-85.9)	< 0.01
	POD 4, n = 53	31.7 (0.2-205.8)	36.8 (0.2-205.8)	27.1 (0.2-61.4)	0.112
	POD 5, n = 70	41.0 (0.1-147.4)	38.7 (0.1-147.4)	41.8 (0.2-123.2)	0.396

BMI: Body mass index; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; POD: Postoperative day; SD: Standard deviation.