Hepatitis B virus-persistent infection and innate immunity defect: Cell-related or virus-related?

Figure 1 Relationships between hepatitis B virus and innate immunity system. NK cell: Nature killer cell; IFN-α: Interferon-α; IFNR: Interferon receptor; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; cGAS: Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; TLRs: Toll-like receptors; pDC: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells; MyD88: Myeloid differentiation primary response 88; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-kappa B; IRF3: IFN regulatory transcription factor 3; ER: Endoplasmic reticulum; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL8: Interleukin 8; RIG1: Retinoic acid-inducible gene I.