Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2018.
World J Clin Cases. Dec 6, 2018; 6(15): 869-881
Published online Dec 6, 2018. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i15.869
Table 2 Examples of epigenetic biomarkers for colorectal cancer
Epigenetic markers
Methylated genes/loci
p14 ARF, p15 INK 4b, p16 INK4aCell cycle regulation
hMLH1, MGMTDNA repair system; progression from adenoma to cancer
DAPKApoptosis
THBS1Angiogenesis inhibition
SPARCLymphovascular invasion, metastasis
TIMP3Metastasis suppression
CDH1, CDH13Cell adherence
Methylation biomarkers
VIM, SEPT9, SFRP2Biomarkers for CRC and as DNA-based colon cancer screening tests
TWIST1, IGFBP3, GAS7, ALX4, SDC2Higher methylation levels in CRC compared to normal subjects (promising diagnostic biomarkers)
Candidate biomarkers
Methylated UGT1A1Affects irinotecan treatment (in vitro)
Methylated DYPD, UMPK, and SPARCAffect 5-FU treatment (in vitro)
TFAP2ENo responsiveness to oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and 5-FU