Necroptosis in inflammatory bowel disease and other intestinal diseases

Figure 2 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10/tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 pathways for necroptosis. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand superfamily member 10 and TNF ligand superfamily member 6 pathways induce apoptosis independent of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) with the formation of death-inducing signaling complex [consists of Fas/DR, Fas-associated death domain (FADD) and caspase-8]. Ripoptosome (consists of RIPK1, RIPK3, FADD and caspase-8) forms in particular situations such as presence of cellular inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) antagonists or IAP knock out and leads to apoptosis. Necrosomes (consists of RIPK1, RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase like protein) form when caspase-8 is inhibited or blocked, and induces necroptosis. DISC: Death-inducing signaling complex; MLKL: Mixed lineage kinase like protein; TRAIL: TNF ligand superfamily member 10; FasL: TNF ligand superfamily member 6; FADD: Fas-associated death domain.