Impact of an acute hemodynamic response-guided protocol for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding

Table 4 Results of univariate and multivariate analyses for variables associated with risk of decompensation

Variables	Univariable		Multivariable
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age as per year increase	0.96 (0.91-1.01)	0.093	0.97 (0.92-1.02)	0.246
Active alcoholism	2.55 (0.71-9.16)	0.152
Size of varices	1.71 (0.23-12.90)	0.602
Red signs	1.89 (0.62-5.73)	0.262
MELD as per 1 point increase1	1.12 (0.99-1.26)	0.072
Child class		0.039		0.071
B vs A	2.66 (1.03-6.87)	0.044	2.39 (0.90-6.36)	0.081
C vs A	5.87 (1.20-28.63)	0.029	6.00 (1.09-32.97)	0.039
Platelets as per 1 × 106	1.00 (0.99-1.01)	0.641
Creatinine as per 1 mg/dL increase	0.17 (0.01-2.74)	0.209
Bilirubin as per 1 mg/dL increase2	1.21 (1.09-1.35)	< 0.001
Albumin as per 1 g/L increase2	0.43 (0.20-0.94)	0.035
INR as per 1 point increase	1.16 (0.20-6.56)	0.871
HVGP as per 1 mmHg increase	1.07 (0.96-1.20)	0.209
MAP as per 1 mmHg increase	0.98 (0.94-1.03)	0.497
Previous ascites2	2.42 (0.88-6.65)	0.088
Previous hepatocellular carcinoma	2.44 (0.55-10.77)	0.240
Previous hepatic encephalopathy	7.29 (2.78-19.13)	< 0.001	8.03 (2.76-23.37)	< 0.001
No previous decompensation1	0.42 (0.15-1.16)	0.093
Acute hemodynamic response	0.70 (0.29-1.71)	0.434	0.74 (0.28-1.95)	0.545
Chronic hemodynamic response-10%	0.49 (0.13-1.83)	0.287
Chronic hemodynamic response-20%	0.24 (0.03-1.89)	0.174

¹To avoid redundancy and due to a more significant association in the univariate analysis of the Child-Pugh class, MELD score and the absence of any previous decompensation were not included in the multivariate analysis;

²History of ascites, serum bilirubin and albumin were not included in the multivariate analysis to avoid redundancy, since they are part of the Child-Pugh score. HR: Hazard ratio; HVPG: Hepatic venous gradient pressure; INR: International normalized ratio; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; MELD: Model of end-stage liver disease.