Copyright
©The Author(s) 2018.
World J Clin Cases. Sep 26, 2018; 6(10): 322-334
Published online Sep 26, 2018. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i10.322
Published online Sep 26, 2018. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i10.322
Table 5 Differential diagnosis of nail pigmentation
| Causation of nail pigmentation | Condition | |
| Nonmelanocytic origin | Exogenous | Dirt |
| Tobacco | ||
| Tar | ||
| Potassium hypermanganate | ||
| Silver nitrate | ||
| Infectious | Bacterial infection | |
| (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) | ||
| Onychomycosis | ||
| (fungal infection) | ||
| Traumatic | Subungual hemorrhage | |
| Subungual hematoma | ||
| Neoplastic | Hemangioma | |
| Melanocytic origin | Physiological | Ethnic (racial) melanonychia |
| Nutritional | Vitamin B12 deficiency | |
| Traumatic | Onychotillomania (nail biting) | |
| Frictional melanonychia | ||
| Iatrogenic | Systemic drug-induced melanonychia | |
| (e.g., zidovudine, hydroxyurea, and minocyline) | ||
| Radiotherapy-induced melanonychia | ||
| Inflammatory | Lichen planus | |
| Psoriasis | ||
| Endocrinic | Addison’s disease | |
| Pregnancy | ||
| Syndromic | LHS | |
| AIDS | ||
| Activated melanocytic | Benign melanocytic hyperplasia | |
| Lentigo simplex | ||
| Nevus | ||
| Neoplastic | Onychopapilloma | |
| Onychomatricoma | ||
| Bowen’s disease | ||
| Melanoma | ||
- Citation: Duan N, Zhang YH, Wang WM, Wang X. Mystery behind labial and oral melanotic macules: Clinical, dermoscopic and pathological aspects of Laugier-Hunziker syndrome. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6(10): 322-334
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v6/i10/322.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v6.i10.322