Evaluation of chronic kidney disease in chronic heart failure: From biomarkers to arterial renal resistances

Figure 1 Calculation of Renal arterial Resistance Index. Renal arterial Doppler was performed using a 4 MHz probe, with the patient in the sitting position and using a posterior approach to visualise the kidney. The course of the right or left kidney segmental arteries is visualised by color Doppler flow and, at the middle tract level of the best one visualised, pulsed Doppler is performed. Peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity are used to calculate the renal arterial resistance index according to Pourcelot’s formula.