Spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging findings in congenital lumbar spinal stenosis

Table 1 Demographics of the 100 patients of the study along with the imaging features which were evaluated on the respective magnetic resonance imaging studies

Parameter	Subjects with CLSS	Control subjects	P
Subjects	52	48	-
Age	38 ± 10	38 ± 8	0.4930
Sex (males/females)	28/24	22/26	0.2742
Average mid-sagittal thecal sac diameter	1.31 ± 0.13	1.51 ± 0.18	–
Circumferential annular bulges	59 (1.13 ± 0.95)	35 (0.73 ± 0.79)	0.01161
Shallow annular bulges	80 (1.54 ± 1.06)	47 (0.98 ± 0.93)	0.00311
Foraminal disc herniations	31 (0.60 ± 0.82)	13 (0.27 ± 0.54)	0.01111
Central/paracental disc herniations	22 (0.42 ± 0.70)	15 (0.31 ± 0.55)	0.1917
Epidural lipomatosis	33 (0.63 ± 1.09)	17 (0.35 ± 0.76)	0.0701
Schmorl’s nodes	24 (0.46 ± 1.00)	13 (0.27 ± 0.68)	0.1352
Spondylolisthesis	53 (1.02 ± 0.96)	29 (0.60 ± 0.71)	0.00811
Pars defects	0 (0.00 ± 0.00)	2 (0.04 ± 0.20)	0.0699
Annular tears	56 (1.08 ± 1.01)	25 (0.52 ± 0.80)	0.00041
Anterior disc herniation	63 (1.21 ± 1.16)	25 (1.51 ± 0.18)	< 0.00011
Posterior elements stress reaction	4 (0.08 ± 0.33)	2 (0.04 ± 0.20)	0.2644

Subjects and sex are expressed are number of cases, age as yr ± SD, and spinal and thecal sac diameters as average value in cm ± SD. All imaging parameters are presented as total incidence (average incidence ± SD). Features marked with an asterisk (¹) indicate significant difference between the two groups. CLSS: Congenital lumbar spinal stenosis.