Value of temporary stents for the management of perivaterian perforation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Table 2 Treatment of periampullary perforations (Stapfer’s type II perforations)

Ref.	Patients (n)	Patients according to treatment method, n (%)	Treatment method	Mortality n (%)
Alfieri et al[15]	15	6 (40.0)	Conservative management + ENBD ± PTBD	0 (0.0)
		9 (60.0)	Surgery	1 (11.1)
Wu et al[16]	11	6 (54.5)	Conservative management	0 (0.0)
		5 (45.5)	Surgery	4 (80.0)
Kim et al[58]	5	2 (40.0)	Conservative management	0 (0.0)
		3 (60.0)	Surgery	0 (0.0)
Enns et al[12]	13	11 (84.6)	Conservative management ± biliary drainage (PTBD, ERBD)	0 (0.0)
		2 (13.4)	Surgery	0 (0.0)
Polydorou et al[23]	30	24 (80.0)	Conservative management ± biliary drainage (PTBD, ERBD)	0 (0.0)
		6 (20.0)	Surgery	0 (0.0)
Stapfer et al[18]	6	3 (50.0)	Conservative management	0 (0.0)
		3 (50.0)	Surgery	0 (0.0)
Howard et al[17]	22	18 (81.8)	Conservative management ± biliary drainage (ENBD, ERBD)	0 (0.0)
		4 (18.2)	Surgery	1 (25)
Morgan et al[22]	12	12 (100.0)	Conservative management	0 (0.0)
		0 (0.0)	Surgery	0 (0.0)
Kim et al[59]	9	8 (88.8)	Conservative management ± ENBD	0 (0.0)
		1 (11.2)	Surgery	0 (0.0)

Conservative management: intravenous antibiotics, fluids, pain control, nil-by-mouth, close monitoring, and nasogastric drainage. ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; PTBD: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage; ERBD: Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage.