Promising new treatment targets in patients with fibrosing lung disorders

Table 1 Interstitial lung diseases with a fibro-proliferative pattern, radiologic/histologic phenotypes and new treatment modalities

Etiology	Radiologic/histopathologic phenotype	New treatment modalities studied
Lung-specific involvement
Inhalation of organic antigens (e.g., EAA)	NSIP, UIP, OP, DIP, AIP	No
Inhalation of inorganic materials (e.g., asbestosis)	NSIP, UIP, OP, DIP, AIP	No
Drug and radiation toxicity	NSIP, UIP, OP, DIP, AIP	No
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	UIP ± NSIP	Yes
Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia	NSIP ± UIP	No
Systemic involvement
ILDs associated with connective tissue diseases	NSIP, UIP, OP, DIP, AIP	Yes
Sarcoidosis and other granulomatoses	NSIP, UIP, OP, DIP, AIP	Yes

EAA: Extrinsic allergic alveolitis; IPF: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; NSIP: Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia; ILD: Interstitial lung disease; UIP: Usual interstitial pneumonia; OP: Organizing pneumonia; DIP: Desquamative interstitial pneumonia; AIP: Acute interstitial pneumonia.