Multimodal imaging techniques for the diagnosis of congenital left renal arteriovenous fistula: A case report

Figure 3 Renal vascular ultrasonography. A and B: Two-dimensional image showing that the left renal vein is widened and uneven in thickness; C: Color doppler flow imaging reveals a brighter florid blood flow signal within the left renal vein, with the blood-supplying artery originating from the adjacent left renal artery; D: Magnified two-dimensional image showing a 0.5 cm wide fistula between the left renal vein and the left renal artery; E: Color doppler flow imaging reveals a bright florid blood flow signal in the left renal vein near the fistula; F: Spectral doppler reveals spectral arterialization of the left renal vein with a non-smooth envelope and burr-like changes. AO: Abdominal aorta; LRV: Left renal vein; LRA: Left renal artery; AVF: Arteriovenous fistula.