Relevant clinical factors for early extubation in living-donor liver transplantation: A single-center retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Comparison of intraoperative characteristics between the delayed and early extubation group, n (%)

Variables	Whole group (n = 159)			Subgroup (n = 67)
	Delayed extubation (n = 66)	Early extubation (n = 93)	P value	Delayed extubation (n = 20)	Early extubation (n = 47)	P value
Emergency surgery	4 (6.1)	0 (0.0)	0.028	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	N/A
Operation time (hour)	10.8 (9.8-12.7)	9.9 (8.6-12.2)	0.009	11.1 (9.9-13.5)	9.5 (8.1-12.3)	0.025
Anhepatic time (hour)	1.7 (1.3-2.4)	1.4 (1.2-1.8)	0.006	1.7 (1.1-2.5)	1.4 (1.2-1.8)	0.176
Hourly EBL (mL/hour)	212.8 (130.0-415.6)	156.5 (107.1-234.0)	0.004	136.3 (87.7-214.9)	134.5 (102.4-202.3)	0.934
Hourly urine output (mL/hour)	72.9 (51.5-118.9)	92.4 (58.3-134.7)	0.193	97.6 (62.7-162.6)	104.1 (64.5-141.3)	0.924
Hourly administered fluids or blood products
Crystalloid (mL/hour)	170.9 (127.6-240.9)	174.2 (116.8-253.7)	0.776	180.8 (134.5-239.1)	176.8 (133.7-271.0)	0.696
Colloid (mL/hour)	48.0 (34.1-72.9)	40.5 (32.1-58.6)	0.167	34.3 (24.0-55.2)	42.9 (33.1-60.8)	0.198
PRBCs (units/hour)	0.4 (0.0-1.0)	0.2 (0.0-0.5)	0.005	0.0 (0.0-0.4)	0.0 (0.0-0.3)	0.492
FFPs (units/hour)	0.3 (0.0-1.0)	0.2 (0.0-0.4)	0.039	0.0 (0.0-0.2)	0.0 (0.0-0.3)	0.951
Platelets (units/hour)	0.0 (0.0-0.8)	0.0 (0.6)	0.128	0.0 (0.0-0.6)	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	0.399
Total blood products (units/hour)	1.1 (0.0-2.9)	0.8 (0.0-1.5)	0.032	0.0 (0.0-1.1)	0.0 (0.0-0.9)	0.646
Epidural analgesia	1 (1.5)	22 (23.7)	< 0.001	1 (5.0)	22 (46.8)	0.001
Postreperfusion syndrome	58 (87.9)	72 (77.4)	0.140	17 (85.0)	32 (68.1)	0.259
Laboratory findings, ES
PaO2/FiO2 ratio	345.5 (303.3-421.3)	374.0 (312.5-436.0)	0.235	343.0 (263.8-435.5)	377.0 (315.0-442.0)	0.351
Lactate (mmol/L)	5.3 (4.1-8.2)	5.6 (3.9-7.0)	0.577	5.2 (4.4-8.2)	5.8 (4.3-7.4)	0.973
Glucose (g/dL)	198.5 (174.8-223.0)	201.0 (170.0-226.5)	0.575	193.0 (171.5-206.0)	194.0 (170.0-216.0)	0.574
SBP, ES (mmHg)	105.0 (95.0-116.3)	130.0 (120.0-145.0)	< 0.001	112.5 (100.0-130.0)	130.0 (120.0-145.0)	0.002
HR, ES (beats/minute)	85.0 (75.0-96.3)	95.0 (85.0-107.5)	< 0.001	87.5 (76.3-105.0)	95.0 (85.0-105.0)	0.153
CVP, ES (mmHg)	6.0 (4.0-7.3)	5.0 (2.5-7.0)	0.030	5.5 (3.0-7.0)	5.0 (3.0-7.0)	0.709
High-dose vasoactive drug, ES	51 (77.3)	36 (38.7)	< 0.001	12 (60.0)	15 (31.9)	0.061

Data were presented as mean, median, and absolute numbers (%). High-dose vasoactive drug defined as dosage ≥ 0.1 µg/kg/minute of norepinephrine equivalent. EBL: Estimated blood loss; PRBCs: Packed red blood cells; FFPs: Fresh frozen plasmas; ES: End of the surgery; PaO₂/FiO2 ratio: Baseline partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fractional inspired oxygen fraction ratio; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; HR: Heart rate; CVP: Central venous pressure; N/A: Not applicable.