Research progress in spasmodic torticollis rehabilitation treatment

Table 1 Efficacy of Botox combined with exercise therapy in neck dystonia

Ref.	Groups	Specific content of intervention	Intervention time	Evaluation indicators	Research conclusion
Hu et al[10]	C: Botox group; E: Botox group + exercise therapy group	Stretching exercises, active range of motion, and isometric exercises of the neck muscles	15 min/time, 5 d/wk for 6 wk	a, b, c	The spasticity and pain symptoms improved significantly
Tassor et al[11]	C: Botox group; E: Botox group + exercise therapy group	Massage, stretch, educate posture, strengthen axial muscles	For 60-90 min/time, for 2 wk	c, d, e	Remission of spasticity symptoms was similar in both groups, and pain and daily living ability were significantly improved in group E
van den Dool et al[12]	C: Botox + conventional PT group E: Botox + standardized PT group	Muscle stretching, passive neck activity, and training that has been found to be related to neurorehabilitation and motor learning	Family exercise: 10-15 min/time, 5-10 times/d. PT sessions twice/wk and once/wk in later stages. One year	b, c, d, f, g, h, i	Both groups were effective for spasticity and pain. Group E reduced patients' dependence on healthcare providers and reduced medical costs for this patient group
Queiroz et al[13]	C: Botox group; E: Botox + exercise therapy group	Motor stretching, passive, and active cervical loosening of the cervical spine	25 min/time, 5 d/wk for 4 wk	b, c	Group E showed significant improvement in daily living capacity and subjective pain
Stankovic et al[14]	C: Exercise therapy group, E: Botox + exercise therapy group	Increase range of motion exercise, muscle stretching, occupational and functional therapy	5 d/wk for 2 wk	c, d	Group E showed significant improvement in pain, torticollis and disability scales
Guo et al[15]	C: Botox group, E: Botox + rehabilitation treatment group	Muscle pulling and relaxation training, exercise relearning training, lateral flexion movement in each horizontal axis direction and vertical axis expansion movement in passive and active modes	757 min/time, 5 d/wk, for 4 wk	c, d	In group E, the scores of physiology, physiological function, physical pain, vitality and mental health were significantly improved compared with those before treatment

"E" represents the test group; "C" represents the control group. a: The Visual Analogue Scale; b: SF-36 Quality of Life Scale; c: Toronto Western Torticollis Rating Scale; d: Torticollis Assessment scale; e: Daily Performance Scale; f: Functional Disability Questionnaire; g: Overall Clinical Impression-Disease severity Scale; h: Overall Clinical Impression-Improvement Scale; i: Cranio-cervical Dystonia Questionnaire.