Association of preschool children behavior and emotional problems with the parenting behavior of both parents

Table 2 Logistic regression analysis of the relationship between parenting behavior and behavior and mood problems in preschoolers, OR (95%CI)

Parenting behavior dimension	Emotional symptoms	Conduct problem	Hyperactivity	Peer interaction	Total score of difficulty	Pro-social behavior question
Father with support/participation
Low level	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Medium level	0.89 (0.62, 1.29)	0.77 (0.54, 1.09)	0.94 (0.72, 1.22)	0.59 (0.46, 0.75)b	0.64 (0.47, 0.88)a	0.50 (0.37, 0.68)b
High tone	0.64 (0.40, 1.01)	0.35 (0.21, 0.57)b	0.68 (0.49, 0.93)a	0.61 (0.47, 0.81)b	0.42 (0.28, 0.64)b	0.26 (0.17, 0.40)b
Mother with the support/participation
Low level	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Medium level	0.72 (0.50, 1.04)	0.54 (0.38, 0.77)b	0.92 (0.71, 1.19)	0.60 (0.48, 0.76)b	0.60 (0.44, 0.82)a	0.44 (0.33, 0.60)b
High tone	0.63 (0.40, 0.99)a	0.33 (0.20, 0.54)b	0.53 (0.38, 0.74)b	0.53 (0.40, 0.70)b	0.41 (0.27, 0.63)b	0.24 (0.15, 0.37)b
Father is hostile/coercive
low level	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Medium level	0.97 (0.64, 1.49)	1.66 (1.04, 2.65)a	1.48 (1.10, 2.00)a	1.25 (0.97, 1.62)	1.63 (1.08, 2.46)a	1.18 (0.84, 1.66)
High tone	2.00 (1.30, 3.08)a	3.27 (2.03, 5.25)b	2.29 (1.66, 3.15)b	1.92 (1.45, 2.54)b	3.25 (2.14, 4.94)b	1.12 (0.76, 1.65)
Mother is hostile/coercive
Low level	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Medium level	1.31 (0.85, 2.01)	2.03 (1.27, 3.22)a	1.63 (1.20, 2.20)a	1.38 (1.07, 1.78)a	6.01 (1.08, 2.38)a	1.28 (0.91, 1.79)
High tone	2.08 (1.36, 3.19)a	3.24 (2.04, 5.15)b	2.87 (2.11, 3.89)b	1.90 (1.46, 2.48)b	2.99 (2.03, 4.42)b	1.28 (0.89, 1.85)

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

The child's age, gender, residence, family economic status, parental education level, and age were adjusted.