Serum urate is associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Figure 6 Dextran sulfate sodium contributed to increase of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease mice. C57BL/6 mice were administered dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) (2%) for 7 d (and a control group was provided with water only for comparison) and 2 d for water. A-E: DSS group (n = 5) exhibited a significant aggravation of inflammatory bowel disease-associated changes in of body weight (A), disease activity index (B), colon length (C), inflammatory infiltration (D) and increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (E); F: Compared with control group (n = 5), DSS group demonstrated increased levels of urate levels. DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium; NC: Control group; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; DAI: Disease activity index. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001.