Causal associations between gastroesophageal reflux disease and essential hypertension: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the bidirectional Mendelian randomization study on the causal relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and hypertension. A: Schematic diagram showing the design of the bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis; B: Flow chart of the MR analysis. MR: Mendelian randomization; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; SNPs: Single nucleotide polymorphism; MR-PRESSO: MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier; BE: Barret's esophagus.