Acellular dermal matrices in reconstructive surgery; history, current implications and future perspectives for surgeons

Table 7 Clinical evidence examples of the utilization of acellular dermal matrix in head and neck

Ref.	Year	Title	Note
Shridharani and Tufaro[109]	2012	A systematic review of acelluar dermal matrices in head and neck reconstruction	First systematic review for the head and neck region
Gilardino et al[116]	2018	A Prospective Study Investigating Fistula Rate Following Primary Palatoplasty Using Acellular Dermal Matrix	This prospective study proposes the routine use of ADM in Veau II-IV clefts since it significantly reduce the fistula rate when compared their retrospective cohort
Linn et al[114]	2022	Comparison of the use of allogenic acellular dermal matrix on rates of Frey syndrome post parotidectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis	Authors conclude that the use of ADM was associated with lower Frey syndrome rates compared to no ADM and should be considered in routine use to prevent this condition
Xu et al[112]	2021	Human-derived acellular dermal matrix may be an alternative to autologous grafts in tympanic membrane reconstruction: systematic review and meta-analysis	Authors conclude that human-derived ADM might be an effective alternative to autologous grafts for tympanoplasty
Girod et al[115]	2009	Acellular dermis compared to skin grafts in oral cavity reconstruction	Authors conclude that acellular dermis grafting for reconstruction of the oral cavity offers several advantages over split-thickness skin graft, including the lack of donor site morbidity, lower cost, a natural appearing mucosal surface, and comparable if not superior functional status
Warren et al[119]	2000	Dural repair using acellular human dermis: experience with 200 cases: technique assessment	Authors conclude that acellular human dermis is a reasonable alternative to the available dural graft materials. Its handling characteristics are similar to those of dura, it is biologically inert, and it does not produce adhesion formation
Zang et al[117]	2020	Comparison of xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix and skin grafts in reconstruction of postoperative defects of hypopharyngeal cancer: A retrospective cohort study	Authors conclude that both ADM and abdominal skin grafts demonstrated good effects in the reconstruction of hypopharynx, but the recovery time of eating function in patients with ADM was faster, which may be due to rapid epithelialization
Conrad et al[124]	2018	Acellular Human Dermal Allograft as a Graft for Nasal Septal Perforation Reconstruction	Authors conclude that as the first study to use objective and subjective measurements to confirm success with acellular dermis allograft as an adjunct for septal perforation repair it demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in patient nasal symptoms following repair
Grumbine et al[126]	2019	Correction of Lower Eyelid Retraction with En Glove Placement of Porcine Dermal Collagen Matrix Implant	Authors describe the technique for mild to moderate retractions. The operative time is brief (< 30 minutes), with limited dissection and resultant minimal to no clinically significant ocular surface inflammation postoperatively
Kook et al[110]	2023	Prevention and Resolution of Silicone Implant-Related Problems in Secondary Rhinoplasty Using a Cross-Linked Human Acellular Dermal Matrix	Authors conclude that dorsal augmentation using the cross-linked human ADM along with various nasal tip work using autogenous cartilage. Surgical outcome showed favorable resolution of contracture deformities, a low infection rate, firm fixation of the implant, good skin texture/thickness of the skin/soft tissue envelope and gain of desired height and dorsal line
Fisher et al[111]	2023	Current Practices in Dorsal Augmentation Rhinoplasty	Authors describe acellular dermal matrices are alternatives to autologous graft with many similar advantages and no need for an additional surgical site