Comprehensive interventions for adult cyclic vomiting syndrome complicated by superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A case report

Table 2 Comparison of clinical characteristics between cyclic vomiting syndrome and superior mesenteric artery syndrome

Characteristics	CVS	SMAS
Onset	Sudden and recurrent episodes	Gradual onset
Symptoms	Severe nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain	Early satiety, postprandial abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
Triggers	Stress, infections, certain foods, menses, etc.	Physical activity, weight loss, position changes, dietary changes
Duration of episodes	Lasts for hours to days, with variable duration of symptom-free intervals	Persistent until compression is resolved
Age of onset	More common in children, but can occur in adults	Typically in adolescents and young adults
Diagnostic tests	Mainly clinical diagnosis, exclusion of other causes	Upper gastrointestinal series, endoscopy, CT scan
Treatment	Anti-emetics, anti-anxiety medications, lifestyle changes, psychotherapy	Nutritional support, small frequent meals, surgery for decompression

CVS: Cyclic vomiting syndrome; SMAS: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome; CT: Computed tomography.