Virtual reality for preoperative patient education: Impact on satisfaction, usability, and burnout from the perspective of new nurses

Table 9 Comparison of traditional paper-based verbal method and virtual reality method using System Usability Scale

Variables	Verbal education, mean ± SD	VR education, mean ± SD	t	P value
SUS1	2.35 ± 1.04	4.10 ± 0.72	-7.68	< 0.001
SUS2	3.90 ± 0.79	2.65 ± 0.81	4.80	< 0.001
SUS3	2.25 ± 0.72	4.10 ± 0.79	-7.00	< 0.001
SUS4	4.00 ± 0.79	2.75 ± 0.79	4.63	< 0.001
SUS5	2.10 ± 0.91	4.30 ± 0.73	-7.03	< 0.001
SUS6	4.00 ± 0.79	2.75 ± 0.91	5.22	< 0.001
SUS7	2.05 ± 0.89	4.30 ± 0.66	-8.64	< 0.001
SUS8	4.10 ± 0.72	2.90 ± 0.85	4.33	< 0.001
SUS9	2.05 ± 0.83	4.00 ± 0.73	-7.06	< 0.001
SUS10	3.95 ± 0.76	2.55 ± 0.83	5.98	< 0.001
Score of SUS	27.13 ± 8.82	68.00 ± 5.42	-16.79	< 0.001

SUS: System Usability Scale; VR: Virtual reality.