Predictive value of diaphragm ultrasound for mechanical ventilation outcome in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data between two groups

Variable	Successful ventilation group, (n = 68)	Failed ventilation group, (n = 26)	t/χ2	P value
Male [n (%)]	35 (51.47)	16 (61.54)	0.768	0.381
Age (years)	64.74 ± 4.25	65.77 ± 4.48	1.040	0.301
BMI (kg/m2)	23.41 ± 2.12	23.62 ± 2.15	0.428	0.669
Complications [n (%)]
Hypertension	39 (57.35)	16 (61.54)	0.136	0.713
Asthma	26 (38.24)	12 (46.15)	0.490	0.484
Diabetes	22 (32.35)	11 (42.31)	0.818	0.366
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	109.85 ± 21.09	107.77 ± 13.19	0.469	0.640
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	91.98 ± 9.79	90.85 ± 10.43	0.496	0.621
Heart rate (times/min)	83.79 ± 12.37	88.92 ± 12.56	1.790	0.077
Oxygen saturation (%)	87.93 ± 4.01	88.73 ± 5.39	0.788	0.433
Respiratory rate (times/min)	21.85 ± 3.24	23.04 ± 3.36	1.569	0.120
Hospital stays (d)	8.89 ± 3.14	11.46 ± 4.34	3.172	0.002
Blood gas analysis results
pH	7.32 ± 0.16	7.21 ± 0.15	2.936	0.004
PaO2 (mmHg)	47.69 ± 5.41	46.69 ± 5.66	0.790	0.432
PaCO2 (mmHg)	62.21 ± 3.69	66.54 ± 3.02	5.334	< 0.001
PaO2/FiO2	98.35 ± 5.24	96.32 ± 5.16	1.687	0.095
Diaphragm ultrasound
DTF (%)	24.18 ± 3.02	19.12 ± 3.18	7.172	< 0.001
DE (mm)	21.02 ± 2.26	17.42 ± 2.14	7.010	< 0.001
TI (s)	1.14 ± 0.19	1.06 ± 0.14	1.920	0.058
E-T index	2.39 ± 0.47	1.84 ± 0.33	5.411	< 0.001

pH: Potential of hydrogen; PaO2: Partial pressure of oxygen; PaCO2: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO2/FiO2: Oxygenation index; DTF: Diaphragm thickening fraction; DE: Diaphragm activity; E-T: Diaphragm movement time; TI: Time of inspiration.