Causal associations between intermediate very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-total lipids ratio and peptic ulcer: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Table 2 Heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests of the Mendelian randomization analysis

Exposure/Outcome	Heterogeneity test			Multi-efficiency test
	MR Egger, IV			MR Egger
	Q	P value	Q	P value	Intercept	P value
Ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium VLDL/peptic ulcer	59.919	0.687	63.448	0.6	-0.061	0.064

IV: Instrumental variable; MR Egger: Mendelian randomization Egger; VLDL: Very-low-density lipoprotein.