Splenic subcapsular hematoma following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Published reports on spleen injuries worldwide following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Ref.	Year	Age/gender	Comorbid conditions	Clinical manifestations	Onset after ERCP	Type of injury	Therapy
Trondsen et al[3]	1989	46/Female	Pancreatitis	ERCP, sphincterotomy	15 hours	Splenic capsular avulsion	Splenectomy
Pamudurthy et al[4]	2018	60/Female	Choledocholithiasis	ERCP, stenting	8 hours	Splenic rupture	Splenectomy
Grammatopoulos et al[5]	2014	64/Male	Obstructive jaundice, tumor	ERCP, stenting	6 hours	Splenic rupture	Splenectomy
Boustany et al[6]	2023	41/Female	Gallstone pancreatitis, cholecystectomy	ERCP, stenting	24 hours	Splenic subcapsular hematoma	Embolization
Polman et al[7]	2020	52/Male	Nil	ERCP, stenting	Immediately	Splenic laceration	Embolization
Montenovo et al[8]	2017	41/Female	Liver transplant	ERCP, sphincterotomy	8 hours	Splenic subcapsular hematoma	Splenectomy
Momani et al[9]	2018	44/Female	Sleeve gastrectomy	ERCP, sphincterotomy	A few hours	Splenic subcapsular hematoma	Conservative
Haneke et al[10]	2018	39/Male	Chronic pancreatitis	ERCP	6 days	Splenic abscess	Conservative
Lee et al[11]	2017	59/Female	Profound jaundice.	ERCP, replace stenting	4 hours	Peri-splenic hematoma	Conservative
Cebrián García et al[12]	2022	83/Male	Nil	ERCP, sphincterotomy	6 hours	Splenic rupture	Splenectomy
Lubikowski et al[13]	2020	31/Female	Hepatectomy, biliary leak	ERCP, stenting	Shortly	Splenic rupture	Splenectomy
Agarwal et al[14]	2022	63/Male	Jaundice	ERCP, sphincterotomy, stricturoplasty, stenting	4 days	Splenic hematoma	Embolization
Kingsley et al[15]	2001	54/Female	Chronic pancreatitis, hepatitis C, cirrhosis	ERCP, sent revision	24 hours	Splenic rupture	Splenectomy
Badaoui et al[16]	2002	42/Male	Cholecystolithiasis, Common bile duct dilation	ERCP	20 minutes	Splenic laceration	Conservative, surgery
Lewis et al[17]	1991	49/Female	Common bile duct stricture, pancreatic head tumor	ERCP, stenting, biopsy	9 hours	Avulsion of short gastric vessels	Splenectomy
Ong et al[18]	1991	55/Female	Common bile duct stricture, tumor	ERCP	48 hours	Intrasplenic hematoma	Splenectomy
Furman et al[19]	1993	63/Female	Common bile duct stricture	ERCP, papillotomy	Not reported	Splenic subcapsular hematoma; Splenic abscess, pancreatitis	Observation, abscess drained
Wu et al[20]	1993	57/Female	Pelvic surgery	ERCP, sphincterotomy	60 hours	Splenic capsular avulsion	Splenectomy
Lo et al[21]	1994	79/Male	Billroth I anastomosis	ERCP, papillotomy	48 hours	Splenic subcapsular hematoma	Observation,
Deist et al[22]	2003	52/Female	Prior abdominal surgery	ERCP, sphincterotomy	8 hours	Splenic rupture	Splenectomy
Zyromski et al[23]	2004	33/Female	Nil	ERCP, sphincterotomy	24 hours	Avulsion of short gastric vessels	Splenectomy
Dixon et al[24]	2004	38/Male	Chronic pancreatitis	ERCP	Immediately	Splenic capsular avulsion	Laparotomy
Cho et al[25]	2008	63/Female	Prior laparotomy	ERCP	18 hours	Splenic laceration	Splenectomy
Cortiñas Sáenz et al[26]	2010	82/Female	Cardiovascular disease	ERCP	Immediately	Splenic rupture	Splenectomy
Gaffney et al[27]	2012	48/Female	Common bile duct dilation, Chronic pancreatitis	ERCP, replace stent	6 days	Splenic subcapsular hematoma	Conservative
Paredes et al[28]	2013	39/Female	Cholecystectomy, adherent omentum	ERCP, sphincterotomy, stenting	1 hour	Splenic laceration	Splenectomy
Weaver et al[29]	2014	66/Male	Choledocholithiasis	ERCP	Overnight	Splenic subcapsular hematoma	Splenectomy
Ahmad et al[30]	2016	76/Male	Choledocholithiasis	ERCP, sphincterotomy	30 minutes	Splenic capsular avulsion	Splenectomy

ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.