Effectiveness of the A3 robot on lower extremity motor function in stroke patients: A prospective, randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Baseline data of patients

Parameter		A3 group	Control group	P value
Sex	Male	22	22	0.787
	Female	6	5
Age in yr		52.14 ± 15.352	58.48 ± 17.194	0.155
Height in cm		163.21 ± 4.756	165.52 ± 7.361	0.177
Weight in kg		63.21 ± 7.733	67.48 ± 9.928	0.080
Type of stroke	Infarction	17	17	0.864
	Hemorrhage	11	10
Paretic side	Right	12	14	0.504
	Left	16	13
Hypertension	Yes	20	21	0.589
	No	8	6
Diabetes	Yes	5	6	0.686
	No	23	21
Mean time since stroke in d		49.71 ± 36.054	43.63 ± 42.164	0.567
MMSE		27.50 ± 4.308	27.19 ± 2.354	0.739
BADL		67.14 ± 15.836	71.67 ± 10.561	0.220
Brunnstrom stage		3.68 ± 0.863	3.89 ± 0.801	0.353
SSQOL		156.36 ± 23.429	154.67 ± 17.236	0.762
FM balance meter		8.54 ± 0.999	8.52 ± 0.700	0.942
FMA of lower limbs		20.07 ± 5.643	21.22 ± 5.820	0.460
RMI		8.75 ± 1.936	8.44 ± 1.281	0.495
HWAS		2.86 ± 0.756	2.81 ± 0.736	0.834
TUG in s		32.404 ± 14.726	29.643 ± 12.348	0.455
Stride frequency as step/min		76.018 ± 19.978	86.093 ± 17.100	0.050
Stride speed in cm/s		45.643 ± 19.187	53.389 ± 23.009	0.180
Stride length in cm		70.054 ± 18.921	72.426 ± 24.722	0.690
Lng		1360.61 ± 774.611	1463.70 ± 1061.382	0.682
Area		1889.64 ± 1334.954	2165.63 ± 1474.666	0.470
TL index		0.901 ± 0.361	0.941 ± 0883	0.828

Data are mean ± standard deviation. Area: Gravity center moving track area; BADL: Basic activities of daily living; FMA: Fugl-Meyer-Assessment scores; HWAS: Holden Walking Ability Scale; Lng: Gravity center moving track length; MMSE: Mini-mental state examination; RMI: Rivermead Mobility Index; SSQOL: Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale; TL index: Track length per unit area; TUG: Time Up and Go test.