Understanding the etiology of mental health problems in post-rehabilitation COVID-19 patients: Insights and strategies for effective intervention

Figure 1 Viral infections can directly cause imbalances in the circulatory system, such as increased interleukin release, lymphatic system disruption, and increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Additionally, infections can directly cause neuronal demyelination, potentially leading to mental health problems and inflammatory brain diseases. Moreover, the hypoxia induced by severe coronavirus disease 2019 can elevate anaerobic and acid metabolite levels, thus further affecting the nervous system. Additionally, viruses can infiltrate the brain through angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors, thereby disrupting the immune environment and causing damage. BBB: Blood-brain barrier; IL: Interleukin; MHC: Major histocompatibility complex; SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome.